Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| At survey ≥5 years | Mean/ Median (Range)a | At diagnosisg | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Author/ Year, Country | Study Design | Sample Size (n) |
Intervention (%) | Age at survey (years) | Follow-up timef (years) |
Cancer Stage (%) |
| Berg, A/ 2007, Norway [35] |
Hospital-based observational prospective monocentric cohort study | 64 | EBRT (100) [+ADT (44.0)]e | 66c (48-81) |
11 (10-16) |
Localized PC (33.0) Locally advanced PC (67.0) |
| Brundage, M/ 2015, UK and US [36] | Hospital-based mulitcentric randomized controlled trial | 85-111d | 1. ADT (50.0)c 2. ADT + EBRT (50.0)c |
69.7c (65.5 −73.5) |
(5-8) | Locally advanced PC (100.0) |
| Donovan, J L / 2016, UK [37] | Population-based multicentric randomized controlled trial | 1413-1463d | 1. AS (33.2) 2. RP (33.7) 3. EBRT (33.1) |
62c | (5-6) | Localized PC (100.0) |
| Fransson, P/ 2008, Sweden [38] | Hospital-based observational prospective monocentric cohort study | 64 | 1. EBRT (42.2) + ADT (20.3) 2. Controls (57.8) |
78.1 (62-87) |
14.7 (13.5 – 16.4) |
Localized PC (89.9) Locally advanced PC (11.1) |
| Fransson, P/ 2009, Sweden [39] | Hospital-based observational monocentric retrospective cohort study | 54 | 1. EBRT (50.0) 2. WW (50.0) |
78 (54 – 88) |
9.6 (6.4-16.3) |
Local PC (100.0) |
| Galbraith, M E/ 2005, US [40] | Hospital-based observational prospective monocentric cohort study | 137 | 1. WW (11.5)c 2. RP (21.4)c 3. EBRT – C (9.9)b,c 4. EBRT - PB (11.5)b,c 5. EBRT - MB (20.3)b,c 6. EBRT -LD (13.7)b,c 7. EBRT - HD (17)b,c |
69.9c | 5.5 | No information |
| Giberti, C/ 2009, Italy [41] | Hospital-based monocentric randomized controlled trial | 174 | 1. RP (44.5) 2. BT (55.5) |
65.3c (56-74)c |
5 | Localized PC (100.0) |
| Johnstone, P A S/ 2000, US [42] | Hospital based observational monocentric prospective cohort study | 46 | EBRT (100.0) [+ ADT (43.5)]e |
80 (62-90) |
13.9 (10 - 23) |
Localized PC Locally advanced PC |
| Mols, F/ 2006, Denmark [43] |
Population-based observational retrospective cohort study | 780 | 1. RP (32.9) 2. EBRT (41.4) 3. ADT (13.7) 4. EBRT (11.9) |
75 | (5-10) | Localized PC (76.0) Locally Advanced PC (18.0) Unknown (6.0) |
| Namiki, S/ 2011, Japan [44] |
Hospital-based observational prospective monocentric cohort study | 111 | 1. RP (43.2) + ADT (48) 2. EBRT (56.8) + ADT (100.0) |
69.5c (53 – 84) |
5 | Locally Advanced PC (100.0) |
| Namiki, S/ 2014, Japan [45] |
Hospital-based observational prospective monocentric cohort study | 91 | RP (100.0) | 63.9c | 8.5 (7.1 - 10.25) |
Localized PC (94.5) Locally Advanced PC (5.5) |
| Shinohara, N/ 2013, Japan [46] | Hospital-based observational monocentric prospective cohort study | 67 | 1. EBRT (32.4) 2. RP (67.6) |
68c (53-79) |
5 | Localized PC (93.4) Locally Advanced PC (6.6) |
| Thong, M S/ 2010, Nether-lands [47] | Population-based observational retrospective cohort study | 142 | 1. AS (50.0) [+ ADT (2.8)/ +RP (1.4)/ + EBRT (7)/ + EBRT + ADT (1.4)]e 2. EBRT (50.0) + [RP (7)/ + ADT (2.8)/ + EBRT (1.4) + EBRT + ADT (1.4)]e |
75.8 | 7.8 | Localized PC (100.0) |
RP Radical Prostatectomy, EBRT External Beam Radiotherapy (refers to the external delivery of any type of radiation), BT Brachytherapy, WW Watchful Waiting, AS Active Surveillance, ADT Androgen Deprivation Therapy
aMean/Median for total sample
bEBRT-C — Conventional radiation; EBRT-HD — High-dose mixed-beam radiation; EBRT-LD — Low-dose mixed-beam radiation; EBRT-MB — Standard protocol/mixed-beam radiation; EBRT-PB — Proton beam radiation
cSample size/Age at enrolment in study or randomization
dSample sizes at different time points ≥ 5 years
eSecondary intervention(s)
fEither time since diagnosis or time since randomization
gCategorization: local PC – T1 & T2, locally advanced PC T3 & T4