Table 1.

Statistical analysis results of the main metabolite change in urine

Metabolites	Group HFD vs CD			Group LF vs HFD
	p value†	Adjust p value‡	Trend	p value†	Adjust p value‡	Trend
Acetoacetate	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↑**	0.0085	0.00173	↓**
Creatine	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↑**
Creatinine	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↑**
Allantoin	< 0.0001	0.0002	↑**
Phenylacetate	0.0022	0.0030	↑**
Hippurate	< 0.0001	0.0002	↑**	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↑**
Phenylalanine	0.0023	0.0029	↑**
Succinimide	< 0.0001	0.0002	↑**
N-Acetylglutamate	0.0001	0.0003	↑**
Uracil	0.0003	0.0006	↑**
Valine	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↑**
Levulinate	0.0008	0.0012	↑**
Alanine	0.0020	0.0030	↑**
2-Methylglutarate	0.0002	0.0004	↑**
p-cresol	0.0005	0.0008	↑**
Leucine	0.0021	0.0029	↑**
Trimethylamine	0.0027	0.0032	↑**
2-Hydroxybutyrate	0.0132	0.0146	↑*
Glycogen	0.0025	0.0031	↑**
Phenylacetylglycine	0.0373	0.0383	↑*
Dimethylamine	0.0024	0.0030	↑**
Carnitine	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↑**
Taurine	0.0001	0.0003	↑**
Tryptophan	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↑**
2PY	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↑**
Guanine	0.0004	0.0007	↑**
Nicotinamide	0.0068	0.0083	↑**
Histidine	0.0160	0.0172	↑*	0.0283	0.0367	↓*
Phosphorylcholine	0.0318	0.0344	↓*
Ornithine	0.0097	0.0111	↓**
N-Nitrosodimethylamine	0.0324	0.0341	↓*	0.0371	0.0402	↑*
Glycerol	0.0021	0.0029	↓**	0.0003	0.0018	↑**
Citrate	0.0398	0.0398	↓*
Betaine	0.0004	0.0007	↓**
Sucrose	0.0005	0.0008	↓**
Glycine	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↓**
Glycerophosphocholine	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↓**
Propylene glycol	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↓**
Galactonate	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	↓**
Pseudouridine	< 0.0001	0.0002	↓**
Fumarate	0.0002	0.0004	↓**
4PY				0.0005	0.0015	↑**
Ethanol				0.0011	0.0029	↑**
N-Methylhydantoin				0.0175	0.0285	↑*
Sarcosine				0.0025	0.0055	↑**
Xanthine				0.0291	0.0344	↑*
Acetamide				0.0243	0.0351	↓*
Pyruvate				0.0133	0.0246	↓*
Formate				0.0408	0.0408	↓*
Trimethylamine N-oxide				0.0003	0.0013	↓**

Abbreviations: 2PY N′-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, 4PY N′-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide

†From Student t test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. ‡Adjusted by false discovery rate method across the metabolites within each comparison. HFD vs CD: compare HFD to CD; LF vs HFD: compare LF to HFD