Table 4.
Association between the school performance indicators and school sociodemographic variables in high school students
| Two years older than expected for grade level | Studying last year | Perceived academic performance | Number of failed courses | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) No | (a) Yes | (a) Very good | (a) None | |||||||||
| (b) Yes | (b) No | (b) Good | (b) 1 | |||||||||
| (c) Fair or poor | (c) 2 | |||||||||||
| (d) 3 or more | ||||||||||||
| (n = 13,423) | (n = 13,219) | (n = 13,279) | (n = 12,970) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95% CI | Sig. | aOR | 95% CI | Sig. | aOR | 95% CI | Sig. | aOR | 95% CI | Sig. | |
| Academic performance variable | ||||||||||||
| (a) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||
| (b) | 1.31 | (0.64–2.67) | 0.84 | (0.49–1.44) | 1.65 | (1.08–2.52) | * | 1.36 | (0.93–2.00) | |||
| (c) | – | – | – | – | 1.96 | (1.25–3.06) | ** | 1.78 | (1.10–2.86) | * | ||
| (d) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.40 | (0.90–2.18) | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||
| Female | 4.86 | (3.59–6.58) | *** | 4.80 | (3.54–6.49) | *** | 5.01 | (3.67–6.84) | *** | 5.25 | (3.84–7.19) | *** |
| Age (continuous) | 1.04 | (0.87–1.24) | 1.09 | (0.96–1.23) | 1.08 | (0.97–1.21) | 1.08 | (0.96–1.21) | ||||
| Speaks an indigenous language | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||
| Yes | 0.51 | (0.24–1.06) | 0.52 | (0.25–1.09) | 0.52 | (0.25–1.07) | 0.54 | (0.26–1.12) | ||||
| Family constellation | ||||||||||||
| Both parents | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||
| Both parents (one surrogate) | 1.99 | (1.25–3.15) | ** | 2.00 | (1.26–3.18) | ** | 1.98 | (1.24–3.15) | ** | 1.97 | (1.23–3.16) | ** |
| Mother (or surrogate) | 1.82 | (1.36–2.44) | *** | 1.84 | (1.38–2.47) | *** | 1.81 | (1.35–2.42) | *** | 1.87 | (1.40–2.49) | *** |
| Father (or surrogate) | 1.39 | (0.61–3.16) | 1.44 | (0.63–3.28) | 1.36 | (0.59–3.11) | 1.37 | (0.59–3.22) | ||||
| Other | 1.52 | (0.92–2.51) | 1.47 | (0.88–2.48) | 1.49 | (0.90–2.46) | 1.51 | (0.89–2.54) | ||||
| Father’s (or surrogate´s) education level | ||||||||||||
| Elementary or no education | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||
| Middle school | 1.30 | (0.97–1.76) | 1.32 | (0.97–1.78) | 1.30 | (0.96–1.77) | 1.34 | (1.00–1.80) | ||||
| High school | 0.94 | (0.65–1.36) | 0.93 | (0.64–1.35) | 0.96 | (0.66–1.39) | 0.98 | (0.67–1.41) | ||||
| University/college | 0.82 | (0.53–1.29) | 0.82 | (0.53–1.28) | 0.85 | (0.54–1.32) | 0.86 | (0.55–1.35) | ||||
| Postgraduate studies | 0.99 | (0.63–1.56) | 0.98 | (0.62–1.55) | 1.01 | (0.63–1.62) | 1.01 | (0.64–1.60) | ||||
| Other | 0.97 | (0.54–1.75) | 0.92 | (0.51–1.67) | 1.00 | (0.56–1.80) | 0.90 | (0.49–1.63) | ||||
| School yeara | ||||||||||||
| First year (10th) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||
| Second year (11th) | 0.75 | (0.53–1.05) | 0.69 | (0.50–0.95) | * | 0.71 | (0.52–0.96) | * | 0.70 | (0.51–0.95) | * | |
| Third year (12th) | 0.74 | (0.47–1.18) | 0.66 | (0.44–1.00) | 0.69 | (0.47–1.01) | 0.63 | (0.42–0.95) | * | |||
aOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, 95% CI 95% Confidence Interval
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001
a10th, 11th and 12th for the three grades of high school in México