Table 1.

Summary of meta-analyses indicating that magnesium deficiency is associated with increased inflammation

Association with CRP – a marker of chronic inflammatory stress
Reference	Studies	Individuals	Mg Indicator	Affect
Dibaba et al26	7 – CSa	32,198	Deficient intake	Elevated serum CRP
Dibaba et al26	5 – INTb	138	Intake	Inverse with serum CRP
Simental-Mendia et al40	11 – RCT		Supplementation	Decreased serum CRP
Association with pathology with chronic increased inflammation a risk factor
Han et al41	7 – Pc	18,434/144,915d	Intake	Inverse with risk of hypertension
Dibaba et al42	11–RCT	543	Supplementation	Decreased blood pressure
Qu et al43	13 – P	14,918/474, 680d	Intake	Low intake increased CVD risk events
Qu et al43	8 – P	5,884/74,422d	Serum concentration	Decreased CVD risk events with increasing concentrations
Del Gobbo et al44	16 – P	7534/313,041d	Intake up to 250 mg/day	Inverse with ischemic heart disease
Larson et al45	7 –P	6,477/241,378d	Intake	Inverse with risk of ischemic stroke
Nie et al46	8 – P	8,367/304,551d	Intake	Higher intake reduced total and ischemic stroke risk
Adebamowo et al47	8 – P	3,780/180,864d	Intake	Inverse with total and ischemic stroke risk
Ju et al48	8 –CS & 2 – P	10,161/30,092d	Intake	Inverse with metabolic syndrome
Larson and wolk49	7 – P	10,912/286,668d	Intake	Inverse with type 2 diabetes risk

Notes:

^aCS, cross-sectional studies;

^bINT, intervention trials;

^cP, prospective studies;

^dcases or events/sample size.

Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; RCT, randomized controlled trial.