Table 2.
Distribution of potential confounders according to FH among controls, imputed data
| Characteristics | Group | FH of CRC in FDR,a n = 214 (9.7) | p-value (FH in a FDR vs. no FH) | FH of CRC in SDR,b n = 159 (7.2) | p-value (FH in an SDR vs. no FH) | No FH of CRC,c n = 1825 (83.0) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRSd | Very low | 17 (7.9) | 0.8388 | 18 (11.3) | 0.3426 | 185 (10.1) |
| Low | 22 (10.3) | 10 (6.3) | 188 (10.3) | |||
| Low–medium | 40 (18.7) | 29 (18.2) | 370 (20.3) | |||
| Medium | 43 (20.1) | 34 (21.4) | 362 (19.8) | |||
| Medium–high | 42 (19.6) | 37 (23.3) | 362 (19.8) | |||
| High | 26 (12.2) | 20 (12.6) | 174 (9.5) | |||
| Very high | 24 (11.2) | 11 (6.9) | 184 (10.1) | |||
| Personal history of colonoscopy | 146 (68.2) | <0.0001 | 90 (56.6) | 0.4175 | 972 (53.3) | |
| Education | ≤9 years | 135 (63.0) | 0.0254 | 76 (47.8) | 0.0031 | 1114 (61.1) |
| 10–11 years | 27 (12.7) | 38 (23.9) | 359 (19.7) | |||
| ≥12 years | 52 (24.3) | 45 (28.3) | 352 (19.3) | |||
| Smoking | Never | 114 (53.0) | 0.2793 | 75 (47.2) | 0.0890 | 924 (50.6) |
| Formere | 85 (39.8) | 58 (36.5) | 707 (38.8) | |||
| Current | 15 (7.2) | 26 (16.4) | 194 (10.7) | |||
| BMI (before diagnosis) | ≤18.5 kg/m2 | 2 (1.0) | 0.6311 | – (–) | 0.0765 | 17 (0.9) |
| 18.5–25 kg/m2 | 80 (37.4) | 75 (47.0) | 680 (37.3) | |||
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 96 (44.8) | 65 (40.9) | 877 (48.0) | |||
| >30 kg/m2 | 36 (16.9) | 19 (12.0) | 252 (13.8) | |||
| Ever regular use of NSAIDsf | 67 (31.5) | 0.6708 | 46 (28.9) | 0.2791 | 601 (32.9) | |
| Ever regular use of HRT (women only) | 57 (58.8) | 0.0537 | 34 (52.8) | 0.4766 | 337 (48.3) | |
| Red meat intakeg | <1 per week | 34 (15.9) | 0.1088 | 26 (16.4) | 0.2703 | 219 (12.0) |
| ≥1 per week | 131 (61.2) | 104 (65.4) | 1241 (68.0) | |||
| ≥1 per day | 49 (22.9) | 29 (18.2) | 365 (20.0) | |||
| Alcohol intakeh | Low risk | 164 (76.6) | 0.9063 | 117 (73.6) | 0.4460 | 1392 (76.3) |
| Physical activityi | ≥187.0 | 102 (47.7) | 0.5217 | 75 (47.2) | 0.4970 | 913 (50.0) |
| Ever attended regular health checkup | 200 (93.4) | 0.4310 | 148 (93.1) | 0.5753 | 1676 (91.8) | |
| Inflammatory bowel diseasesj | 2 (0.9) | 0.2422 | 3 (1.9) | 0.0103 | 7 (0.4) | |
Notes: Values are expressed as n (%).
FH in at least one FDR.
FH in any SDR only.
In any relative (both FDR or SDR).
Classification of GRS: very low, ≤10th percentile; low, 10th–20th percentile; low–medium, 20th–40th percentile; medium, 40th–60th percentile; medium–high, 60th–80th percentile; high, 80th–90th percentile; very high, >90th percentile.
Former = stopped smoking more than 2 years ago.
At least twice weekly for 1 year.
Consumption of red meat or processed red meat in the previous 12 months.
Average lifetime daily alcohol consumption, measured in gram ethanol; low-risk alcohol intake defined as drinking less than 12 and 24 g ethanol daily for women and men, respectively.
Measured in average lifetime MET in the previous 12 months, median in persons without FH = 187.0 MET-hours/week.
Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRC, colorectal cancer; FDR, first-degree relative; FH, family history; GRS, genetic risk score; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SDR, second-degree relative.