Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the intention-to-treat population.
| Intervention | Control | |
|---|---|---|
| Individual-level data | ||
| Number of children | 5297 | 5246 |
| Age (months) | 24·5 (16·1) | 23·8 (16·1) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 2641 (49·9%) | 2561 (48·8%) |
| Female | 2656 (50·1%) | 2685 (51·2%) |
| Vaccination status (course completed)* | ||
| Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B | 2893 (79·4%) | 2980 (79·4%) |
| Pneumococcal conjugate | 2122 (58·3%) | 2239 (59·7%) |
| Polio | 2726 (74·8%) | 2857 (76·1%) |
| Rotavirus | 1713 (47·0%) | 1774 (47·3%) |
| Measles | 2166 (59·5%) | 2228 (59·4%) |
| Had pneumonia at least once in the preceding 12 months† | 762 (15·4%) | 844 (17·4%) |
| Had a cooking-related burn in the preceding 3 months | 219 (4·1%) | 289 (5·5%) |
| Household-level data | ||
| Number of households | 4256 | 4214 |
| Fuel used regularly for cooking‡ | ||
| Wood | 2494 (58·6%) | 2390 (56·7%) |
| Crop residues | 1339 (31·5%) | 1320 (31·3%) |
| Charcoal | 563 (13·2%) | 723 (17·2%) |
| Dung | 20 (0·5%) | 25 (0·6%) |
| Electricity | 5 (0·1%) | 13 (0·3%) |
| Paraffin/kerosene | 2 (0·0%) | 6 (0·1%) |
| Gas | 0 | 2 (0·0%) |
| Other | 2 (0·0%) | 0 |
| Tobacco smoker in the household | 746 (17·5%) | 634 (15·0%) |
| Daily or almost daily exposure to smoke from:‡ | ||
| Burning rubbish | 1747 (41·0%) | 1677 (39·8%) |
| Cooking for business | 554 (13·0%) | 513 (12·2%) |
| Brick production | 177 (4·2%) | 214 (5·1%) |
| Paraffin/kerosene lamps | 87 (2·0%) | 105 (2·5%) |
| Mosquito coils | 44 (1·0%) | 82 (1·9%) |
| Beer production | 54 (1·3%) | 44 (1·0%) |
| Other sources | 63 (1·5%) | 47 (1·1%) |
| Source of drinking water‡ | ||
| Bore hole | 1900 (44·6%) | 1973 (46·8%) |
| Tap to house | 401 (9·4%) | 378 (9·0%) |
| Shared communal tap | 389 (9·1%) | 324 (7·7%) |
| Covered well | 254 (6·0%) | 233 (5·5%) |
| Lake or river | 255 (6·0%) | 157 (3·7%) |
| Open well | 191 (4·5%) | 253 (6·0%) |
| Other | 3 (0·1%) | 1 (0·0%) |
| Toilet facilities | ||
| Simple pit latrine | 3448 (81·0%) | 3553 (84·3%) |
| None | 763 (17·9%) | 612 (14·5%) |
| Water toilet | 37 (0·9%) | 23 (0·5%) |
| Ventilated improved pit | 8 (0·2%) | 26 (0·6%) |
| Experienced a time in the last year when there was not enough food for the household to have its normal meals | 2131 (50·1%) | 2113 (50·1%) |
| Experienced a time in the last year when the household did not have money to buy bathing soap | 2608 (61·3%) | 2597 (61·6%) |
Data are mean (SD) or n (%).
*
Vaccination status available for 7395 children (3642 in the intervention group and 3753 in the control group).
†
Data available for 9798 children (4954 in the intervention group and 4844 in the control group).
‡
Household could give multiple responses.