Table 2.

Sample Quotes from Qualitative Interviews with Black Men (N =90) in Study 1 and the Quantitative Items Developed for Study 3

Item	Item wording	Exemplar quote
Filter Item	Have you had any experiences with police or law enforcement in the past 5 years?	N/A
D10	In the past 5 years, how often have police or law enforcement accused you of having or selling drugs?	“… Man them guys. I mean, I don’t know if they are still racists or if they think just ‘cause dope boys have the cars with the rim on them and all, stuff like that. We have had so many encounters with that. I mean, they [police] just stop us and want to check the whole car. They don’t find nothing. They take all the stuff out of the dashboard, leave it on the floor, stuff like that. Trying, trying to find something… yep. But um, I guess because drug dealers have the same cars and stuff like that.”
D20	In the past 5 years, how often have police or law enforcement pulled you over for no reason while you were driving?	“Man [police are] crooked man, I think, I think, well I ain’t gonna say they crooked… let me rephrase that; they over exaggerate let me say that, they over exaggerate because I mean…‘Hey why’d you pull me over?’ ‘[The officer said], you got a broken taillight.’ ‘[I said], I don’t got a broken taillight.’ Pow… ‘[The officer said], you do now. Come on get out the car.’…but I mean there’s really no need for other than the crime rate, for you to, to govern me.”
D30	In the past year, how often have police or law enforcement stopped and searched you for no reason?	“Just three weeks ago I’m on my way home and the Atlanta police jump out on me and basically harass me and everything and search me and all of this other stuff just because they felt like I fit the bill.”
D40	In the past year, how often have police or law enforcement assumed you are a thief?	“…sometimes when you go in stores, if you’re not dressed like in business casual, [the police], they’ll follow you around and look at you like you’re about to steal something.”
D50	In the past 5 years, how often have police or law enforcement been verbally abusive to you?	“They just come up there, they want to clear it out just because they want to clear it out. You know, everybody need to go home and then like sometimes, to me, some police officers they are so disrespectful in the way they talk to you and stuff, that they don’t talk to you with a good tone. They just so disrespectful in tone. Instead of talking to you like a person. So that will make you get offended and then there is a whole mess right there.”
D60	In the past 5 years, how often have police or law enforcement been physically abusive to you?	“I felt like you know when I was approached and uh, arrested I felt like I was uh, what’s the word to look for, it, it was excessive force um, I feel like that any citizen is allow to uh, ask questions and it’s…and…and…and expected to receive an answer from especially from a public servant or public official uh, I uh tried to ask questions about why I was being approached and I was physically a…a…abused b…b…because of that…you know I was uh, considered as being a smart ass and uh, thrown on the…thrown on the concrete scratched and you know face pressed down into the asphalt, and you know scratched my face up and everything, and, and thrown in the car and arrested. And I just felt like it’s definitely because I was black.”
D70	In the past 5 years, how often have police or law enforcement treated you unfairly because of how you dress?	“If I wear my clothes a certain way [police] put me in a box. They profile me and put me in a box … “Oh he… he must… he must be doing bad stuff. He must be selling drugs because his hair is like that or because his pants is halfway off his ass then he must be doing bad.”
D80	In the past year, how often have police or law enforcement arrested you for something you didn’t do?	I get locked up for no reason because…I’m talking about this after I done got out of chain gang, you know, but they had locked me back up because I’m walking down the street, you know what I’m saying late at night… So you got another police pulled up and he like he looking for something and he talking about I must stole some crack. Stole it? Man you seen, did you see me throw anything? Lock me up for nothing, you know, try to put me in jail for no reason which you got to have some legitimate evidence saying I done done this you know and that’s what they do because all because you know of your background.

Note. Rows in grey include quantitative items that were not administered as a part of Study 3, the quantitative study.