Table 1.

Procedural timeline of Frew and Hawkins lawsuits

Linda Frew, on behalf of her daughter, Carla Frew, et al., v. Richard Ladd, Commissioner of the Texas Health and Human Services Commission, et al. Eastern District of Texas Court			Cassandra Hawkins et. al., v. Commissioner, New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services New Hampshire District Court
Year	Procedural Action	Holdings	Year	Procedural Action	Holdings
1993	Complaint filed	Lawsuit filed on behalf of the class of Medicaid-enrolled children in Texas.	1999	Complaint filed	Lawsuit filed on behalf of the class of Medicaid-enrolled children in New Hampshire.
1995	Fairness hearing	Two day hearing on the lawsuit and proposed settlement.	2003	Consent decree hearing	Court heard arguments over the proposed settlement.
1996	Consent decree approved	Court found the class had standing and the consent decree fair and enforceable.	2004	Consent decree approved + order approving consent decree and motion to enforce settlement.	Court found the class had standing and the consent decree fair and enforceable.
1998	Motion to enforce consent decree.	Plaintiffs argued that the state had not carried out parts of the consent decree and asked the court to enforce the settlement.	2006	Court appointed mediator	Plaintiffs and defendants were in dispute over whether the NH DHHS was complying with the consent decree. The court appointed a mediator to address the dispute. Mediation was unsuccessful.
2000	Memorandum of opinion	Judge held that defendants violated parts of the consent decree and that the decree was enforceable.	2007	Order denying motion to enforce consent decree.	Plaintiffs filed motion to enforce the consent decree. Court ordered plaintiffs to file supplemental motion clarifying relief sought and put the NH DHHS on notice that grounds may exist to supportcontempt.
2003	5th Circuit Court of Appeals reversed consent decree enforcement ruling.	Court ruled that the consent decree is in violation of 11th Amendment.	2008	Order denying motion for contempt and for further relief.	Court concluded plaintiffs had not met thestandard showing that the NH DHHS should be held in contempt for failing to comply with the consent decree.
2004	US Supreme Court reverses 5th Circuit Court of Appeals decision	Court found the consent decree was enforceable.	2010	Order denying motion for contempt and motion to modify consent decree.	Court again concluded plaintiffs did not show why NH DHHS should be held in contempt and denied motion to extend consent decree for three years.
2007	Corrective action order signed	Court enforced original consent decree plus 11 modifications put forth by defendants.
2013	Memorandum of opinion	Some corrective action orders from 2007 were satisfied but remaining orders and the consent decree remained in effect.
2016	Case is ongoing

Shaded area indicates period of analysis for study