Table 1. Baseline demographic and biochemical parameters of African American-Diabetes Heart Study cohort.
| Variable | Baseline Values Stratified by Sexa | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female (n = 150) | Male (n = 150) | ||
| Age (years) | 55.2 (8.6) | 55.0 (9.4) | 0.87 |
| T2D Duration (years) | 10.2 (6.5) | 10.2 (7.9) | 0.94 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37.3 (8.0) | 32.1 (6.4) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking (% past; % current) | 28.7; 20.7 | 42.0; 24.0 | 0.01 |
| CKD (%) | 38.0 | 39.3 | 0.91 |
| CVD (%) | 25.3 | 33.3 | 0.16 |
| HTN (%) | 86.0 | 75.3 | 0.028 |
| Medications | |||
| Insulin (%) | 43.3 | 40.7 | 0.73 |
| OHA (%) | 77.3 | 75.3 | 0.79 |
| Steroids (%) | 10.0 | 4.7 | 0.12 |
| HRT (%) | 28.0 | N/A | N/A |
| Calcium supplements (%) | 15.3 | 3.3 | 0.0005 |
| Vitamin D supplements (%) | 5.3 | 0.7 | 0.036 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| High-sensitivity CRP (mg/dL) | 1.35 (1.93) | 0.70 (1.05) | 0.0004 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.0 (2.0) | 8.2 (2.0) | 0.42 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 21.5 (14.1) | 18.6 (9.9) | 0.041 |
| 1,25(OH)2D3(pg/mL) | 49.0 (18.1) | 45.4 (17.7) | 0.094 |
| iPTH (pg/mL) | 61.9 (33.4) | 50.3 (25.3) | 0.001 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.65 (0.42) | 9.50 (0.41) | 0.0018 |
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.67 (0.55) | 3.45 (0.59) | 0.0009 |
| Urine albumin:creatinine (mg/g)b | 11.1 (4.0, 48.0) | 11.5 (4.3, 56.4) | 0.43 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 92.6 (22.1) | 91.5 (20.2) | 0.65 |
aSample means with standard deviations presented for continuous variables. Discrete traits are described by frequencies and proportions;
bMedian values with 25th and 75th percentile values presented for urine albumin:creatinine ratio due to skewed distribution;
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HTN, hypertension; HRT, hormonal replacement therapy; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; OHA, oral hypoglycaemic agent; 1,25 (OH)2D3 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol; 25(OH)D, 25 hydroxycholecalciferol.