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. 2017 Aug 28;125(8):087020. doi: 10.1289/EHP1202

Figure 4.

Bar graph plotting geometric mean waist-to-height ratio (95 percent confidence interval) for quartiles 1 through 4 across Models 1 through 8. P-values for Models 1 through 8 are 0.66, 0.02, 0.01, 0.56, 0.01, 0.01, 0.38, and 0.33, respectively.

Geometric mean (95% CI) of waist-to-height ratio across estimated urinary arsenic 1a quartiles by urine dilution adjustment approaches. a Estimated as [total arsenic in μg/L(arsenocholineinμg/L+arsenobetaineinμg/L)] with negative values set to 0.01μg/L. p-Values are for assessment of linear trends across urinary arsenic quartiles. Models refer to: 1) no adjustment for urine dilution; 2) creatinine as an independent covariate in the regression model; 3) arsenic concentration divided by creatinine concentration (μg/g); 4) covariate-adjusted standardization of arsenic concentration (μg/L); 5) osmolality as an independent covariate in the regression model; 6) arsenic concentration divided by osmolality (μg/mOsm/kg ); 7) urinary flow rate as an independent covariate in the regression model; and 8) arsenic concentration multiplied by urinary flow rate to obtain excretion rate (μg/hour). All models were additionally adjusted for age (continuous), gender (male/female), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other Hispanic, or other race/multiracial), and survey cycle (2009–2010 or 2011–2012).