. 2017 Aug 28;125(8):087020. doi: 10.1289/EHP1202

Table 2.

Geometric means for selected characteristics ( $N = 3,097$ ).

Characteristic	Estimated urinary arsenic 1^a ( $μ g / L$ )	Estimated urinary arsenic 2^b ( $μ g / L$ )	Urinary creatinine ( $mg / dL$ )	Urinary osmolality $(mOsm / kg)$	Urinary flow rate ( $mL / hour$ )	BMI ( ${kg / m}^{2}$ )	Waist-to-height ratio
Age (years)
20–39 (reference)	3.7	6.5	101.6	567.6	53.6	27.1	0.54
40–59	3.6	6.3	89.3^*	524.0^*	54.5	28.3^*	0.58^*
$\geq 60$	3.5	6.4	76.7^*	494.8^*	49.5	28.1^*	0.60^*
Gender
Female (reference)	3.0	6.1	73.6	482.0	50.8	27.6	0.58
Male	4.4^*	6.8^*	111.5^*	589.6^*	55.3^*	28.0	0.57^*
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white (reference)	2.9	5.8	85.4	510.7	55.5	27.6	0.57
Non-Hispanic black	4.8^*	7.1^*	128.6^*	599.6^*	44.1^*	30.1^*	0.59^*
Mexican American	4.9^*	6.8^*	97.5^*	616.2^*	48.3^*	28.8^*	0.60^*
Other Hispanic	5.5^*	7.8^*	92.8	575.1^*	51.4	28.1	0.58
Other race/multi-racial	7.9^*	10.2^*	85.1	533.3	52.3	25.3^*	0.54^*
Survey cycle
2009-2010 (reference)	5.1	6.7	94.5	532.7	53.3	27.8	0.57
2011-2012	2.6^*	6.1^*	87.2^*	534.0	52.8	27.8	0.58
Estimated urinary arsenic 1^a ( $μ g / L$ )
0.0–2.3 (reference)	0.6	3.8	47.2	337.6	86.3	27.7	0.57
2.4–5.3	3.7^*	5.2^*	93.2^*	545.2^*	51.2^*	27.6	0.57
5.4–10.7	7.5^*	7.4^*	126.5^*	689.0^*	41.6^*	28.0	0.57
$> 10.7$	21.7^*	14.6^*	149.0^*	733.8^*	37.1^*	27.9	0.57
Estimated urinary arsenic 2^b ( $μ g / L$ )
3.5-4.3 (reference)	0.7	3.6	45.4	325.6	89.7	27.5	0.57
4.4–6.1	3.3^*	5.1^*	92.1^*	551.5^*	51.4^*	27.8	0.57
6.2–9.6	7.1^*	7.5^*	127.3^*	674.1^*	43.1^*	28.2^*	0.58
$> 9.6$	18.7^*	15.9^*	151.7^*	753.7^*	34.8^*	27.8	0.57
BMI ( ${kg / m}^{2}$ )
$< 25$ (reference)	3.5	6.3	76.8	475.9	53.2	22.1	0.49
25–29	3.6	6.5	92.9^*	528.6^*	52.6	27.3^*	0.57^*
$\geq 30$	3.8	6.5	104.6^*	602.7^*	53.3	35.5^*	0.68^*
Waist-to-height ratio
$< 0.51$ (reference)	3.7	6.2	84.0	492.0	53.5	22.0	0.47
0.51–0.57	3.6	6.5	86.6	511.1	55.3	25.6^*	0.54^*
$> 0.57$	3.6	6.4	97.2^*	569.5^*	51.7	32.6^*	0.65^*

^{^a}

Estimated as [ $total arsenic in μ g / L - (arsenocholine in μ g / L + arsenobetaine in μ g / L)$ ] with negative values set to $0.01 μ g / L$ .

^{^b}

Estimated as [ $arsenite in μ g / L + arsenate in μ g / L + monomethylacrsonic acid in μ g / L + dimethylarsonic acid in μ g / L$ ].

$p < 0.05$ compared with reference.