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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 24.
Published in final edited form as: Food Policy. 2017 Aug 8;71:86–100. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.08.001

Table 4.2.

Tax simulation results for nutrient availability by food group

40% tax on SSBs 5 cents per gram of sugar 30% tax on junk food
mean 95% CI mean 95% CI mean 95% CI
Sweets and desserts kcal 10.6 2.7 18.5 −33.0 −46.9 −19.0 −56.9 −69.5 −44.3
carbs 1.9 0.5 3.3 −5.9 −8.4 −3.4 −10.2 −12.4 −7.9
sugar 1.4 0.4 2.5 −4.5 −6.4 −2.6 −7.7 −9.4 −6.0
sodium 3.8 1.0 6.7 −11.9 −16.9 −6.8 −20.5 −25.0 −16.0
fats 0.3 0.1 0.5 −0.9 −1.3 −0.5 −1.5 −1.9 −1.2
sat. fats 0.1 0.0 0.2 −0.4 −0.6 −0.3 −0.8 −0.9 −0.6
protein 0.1 0.0 0.2 −0.4 −0.6 −0.2 −0.7 −0.8 −0.5
Salty snacks and chips kcal 1.3 0.2 2.4 2.3 0.3 4.3 −12.5 −14.2 −10.9
carbs 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 −1.4 −1.6 −1.2
sugar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sodium 1.4 0.2 2.7 2.6 0.3 4.8 −14.2 −16.1 −12.3
fats 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 −0.7 −0.8 −0.6
sat. fats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 −0.1 −0.1 −0.1
protein 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 −0.1 −0.2 −0.1
Meat products and fats kcal −35.2 −59.0 −11.4 −69.9 −112.2 −27.5 −75.5 −111.7 −39.4
carbs −0.1 −0.2 0.0 −0.2 −0.3 −0.1 −0.2 −0.3 −0.1
sugar −0.1 −0.1 0.0 −0.1 −0.2 0.0 −0.1 −0.2 −0.1
sodium −42.0 −70.5 −13.6 −83.5 −134.0 −32.9 −90.3 −133.5 −47.0
fats −3.0 −5.1 −1.0 −6.0 −9.6 −2.4 −6.5 −9.6 −3.4
sat. fats −1.0 −1.7 −0.3 −2.0 −3.2 −0.8 −2.2 −3.2 −1.1
protein −1.9 −3.2 −0.6 −3.7 −6.0 −1.5 −4.0 −6.0 −2.1
F+V and seafood kcal 6.6 −0.6 13.8 10.7 −2.0 23.5 −2.9 −14.0 8.1
carbs 1.1 −0.1 2.2 1.7 −0.3 3.8 −0.5 −2.2 1.3
sugar 0.4 0.0 0.9 0.7 −0.1 1.6 −0.2 −0.9 0.5
sodium 4.7 −0.4 9.8 7.6 −1.4 16.6 −2.1 −9.9 5.7
fats 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.3 −0.1 0.6 −0.1 −0.4 0.2
sat. fats 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 −0.1 0.0
protein 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.5 −0.1 1.2 −0.1 −0.7 0.4
Cereal and cereal products kcal 71.1 37.0 105.2 102.2 41.6 162.8 −243.1 −306.1 −180.2
carbs 13.6 7.1 20.2 19.6 8.0 31.2 −46.7 −58.7 −34.6
sugar 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.9 −1.3 −1.6 −1.0
sodium 55.1 28.7 81.5 79.3 32.3 126.2 −188.5 −237.4 −139.7
fats 0.7 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.5 −2.3 −2.9 −1.7
sat. fats 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 −0.6 −0.7 −0.4
protein 2.5 1.3 3.7 3.6 1.5 5.8 −8.6 −10.9 −6.4
SSB, ready to drink kcal −15.1 −17.7 −12.5 −15.8 −20.5 −11.2 −17.0 −20.9 −13.1
carbs −3.8 −4.4 −3.1 −3.9 −5.1 −2.8 −4.2 −5.2 −3.3
sugar −3.6 −4.3 −3.0 −3.8 −4.9 −2.7 −4.1 −5.0 −3.2
sodium −5.2 −6.2 −4.3 −5.5 −7.1 −3.9 −5.9 −7.3 −4.6
fats 0.0 0.0 0.0
sat. fats 0.0 0.0 0.0
protein −0.1 −0.1 −0.1 −0.1 −0.2 −0.1 −0.1 −0.2 −0.1
SSB, concentrate kcal −7.1 −8.6 −5.5 −13.1 −15.8 −10.4 −5.5 −6.8 −4.1
carbs −1.7 −2.0 −1.3 −3.1 −3.8 −2.5 −1.3 −1.6 −1.0
sugar −1.6 −2.0 −1.3 −3.0 −3.6 −2.4 −1.3 −1.6 −1.0
sodium −5.4 −6.6 −4.3 −10.1 −12.2 −8.0 −4.2 −5.2 −3.2
fats 0.0 0.0 0.0
sat. fats 0.0 0.0 0.0
protein −0.3 −0.4 −0.2 −0.5 −0.7 −0.4 −0.2 −0.3 −0.2
Water, coffee and tea kcal 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 −0.1 0.0
carbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
sugar 0.0 0.0 0.0
sodium 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.7 −0.1 −0.4 0.2
fats 0.0 0.0 0.0
sat. fats 0.0 0.0 0.0
protein 0.0 0.0 0.0
Milk kcal 1.4 0.0 2.7 1.7 −0.8 4.1 0.6 −1.3 2.5
carbs 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 −0.1 0.4 0.1 −0.1 0.3
sugar 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 −0.1 0.4 0.1 −0.1 0.3
sodium 1.7 0.0 3.4 2.1 −0.9 5.1 0.8 −1.6 3.1
fats 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
sat. fats 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
protein 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 −0.1 0.2

Note: significant values to 95% in bold.