Table 3.
Geometric mean brominated flame retardant congener serum concentrations (in ng/g lipid) and 95% confidence intervals from mid-pregnancy samples in the Early Markers for Autism study by diagnostic group.
| BFR | Full study group | ASD | ID | GP | ASD vs. GP | ID vs. GP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-Value | p-Value | |||||
| BB153 | 1.15 (1.09, 1.22) | 1.21 (1.12, 1.31) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.17) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25) | 0.30 | 0.20 |
| BDE-28 | 0.89 (0.85, 0.93) | 0.87 (0.82, 0.92) | 0.84 (0.77, 0.93) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.02) | 0.26 | 0.07 |
| BDE-47 | 16.0 (15.1, 17.0) | 14.7 (13.4, 16.0) | 16.3 (14.2, 18.7) | 17.9 (16.2, 19.7) | 0.002 | 0.29 |
| BDE-99 | 4.93 (4.63, 5.24) | 4.45 (4.01, 4.87) | 5.15 (4.47, 5.94) | 5.52 (4.98, 6.11) | 0.002 | 0.46 |
| BDE-100 | 3.94 (3.71, 4.19) | 3.59 (3.28, 3.93) | 3.91 (3.45, 4.44) | 4.48 (4.05, 4.95) | 0.002 | 0.10 |
| BDE-153 | 4.34 (4.08, 4.62) | 4.02 (3.67, 4.40) | 3.91 (3.41, 4.48) | 5.02 (4.51, 5.58) | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Suma | 34.9 (32.9, 36.9) | 32.1 (29.5, 34.9) | 32.6 (28.6, 37.2) | 40.1 (36.4, 44.2) | 0.0006 | 0.02 |
Note: ASD, autism spectrum disorder; BDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether; GP, general population controls; ID, intellectual disability/developmental delay without autism. Table shows geometric means following replacement of values with LOD divided by the square root of 2 as described in the text. For descriptive data by sex, see Table S8.
a
Sum is the sum of all congeners shown in table (e.g., those meeting our detection rate of at least 55% of the study population with concentrations ).