Table 5.

Associations of transportation noise exposure (percentiles) with incident diabetes cases, further adjusted for environmental coexposures; AOR (95% CI).

Exposures	Environmental coexposures added to the model containing noise exposure (noise percentiles)
	${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$, greenness, walkability	Black carbon, greenness, walkability	NO, greenness, walkability	${\mathrm{NO}}_2$, greenness, walkability
Model 1: Environmental coexposures
Noise: 2nd-5th percentile	1.04 (0.98, 1.12)	1.05 (0.98, 1.12)	1.05 (0.98, 1.13)	1.05 (0.98, 1.13)
Noise: 6th-9th percentile	1.10 (1.02, 1.17)*	1.10 (1.02, 1.16)*	1.11 (1.03, 1.19)*	1.11 (1.04, 1.19)*
Noise: 10th percentile	1.16 (1.07, 1.26)*	1.20 (1.11, 1.30)*	1.17 (1.08, 1.28)*	1.17 (1.08, 1.27)*
Model 2: $\text{Model}\mathrm{1}+\mathrm{further}\text{adjustment}\text{for}\text{South}\text{Asian}\text{ethnicity}$
Noise: 2nd-5th percentile	1.03 (0.96, 1.09)	1.03 (0.96, 1.11)	1.03 (0.96, 1.11)	1.03 (0.97, 1.11)
Noise: 6th-9th percentile	1.07 (1.00, 1.14)*	1.07 (1.00, 1.14)*	1.07 (1.00, 1.14)*	1.08 (1.01, 1.15)*
Noise: 10th percentile	1.13 (1.04, 1.23)*	1.13 (1.03, 1.22)*	1.13 (1.03, 1.22)*	1.14 (1.05, 1.25)*
Model 3: $\text{Model}\mathrm{1}+\mathrm{further}\text{adjustment}\text{for}\text{Chinese}\text{ethnicity}$
Noise: 2nd-5th percentile	1.03 (0.97, 1.10)	1.03 (0.96, 1.11)	1.03 (0.97, 1.11)	1.04 (0.97, 1.11)
Noise: 6th-9th percentile	1.07 (1.00, 1.14)*	1.07 (1.00, 1.14)*	1.07 (1.00, 1.15)*	1.08 (1.01, 1.16)*
Noise: 10th percentile	1.13 (1.04, 1.23)*	1.13 (1.03, 1.22)*	1.13 (1.04, 1.23)*	1.15 (1.06, 1.25)*

Note: All models are adjusted for age, gender, and area-level household income. Reference group is “Noise: 1st percentile.” AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NO, nitric oxide; ${\mathrm{NO}}_2$, nitrogen dioxide.

^*Statistically significant ($p<0.05$).