Table 1.

Derivation of reference doses from single administration studies in rodents.

Congener	Critical end point	${\text{BMDL}}_{10}$ ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{kg}/\text{bw}$)	Critical body burden at ${\text{BMDL}}_{10}$ ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{kg}/\text{bw}$)a	Critical daily intake for humans associated with a body burden in rodents at ${\text{BMDL}}_{10}$ (ng/kg bw/d) (EFSA 2011)b	Reference dose (ng/kg bw/d)c
BDE-47	Mice, locomotion	309	232	172	68.8
BDE-99	Mice, total activity	12	9	4.2	1.68
BDE-153	Mice, total activity	83	62	9.6	3.84
BDE-209	Mice, total activity	1,700	425d	1,700,000	17,000

Note: ${\text{BMDL}}_{10}$, benchmark dose for a 10% neurodevelopmental toxicity effect; bw, body weight; PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether.

^aThe PBDE body burden in rodents at a dose equivalent to the ${\text{BMDL}}_{10}$, calculated by using a one-compartment toxicokinetic model. Taken from EFSA (2011), p 157, Table 40.

^bThese values were obtained by EFSA by reverse toxicokinetic modeling using the critical rodent body burdens at ${\text{BMDL}}_{10}$. See EFSA (2011), p 158 ff, Chapter 9; this applies to BDE-47, -99 and -153. For BDE-209, the critical intake equals ${\text{BMDL}}_{10}$.

^cWe derived these values by dividing the critical daily intake for humans associated with a body burden in rodents at ${\text{BMDL}}_{10}$ for BDE-47, -99 and -153 by a factor of 2.5; for BDE-209, a factor of 100 was applied (EFSA 2011).

^dOur calculation, assuming 25% absorption (EFSA 2011).