Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patient groups
| Patient Characteristic | Ret+CM (n = 57) | Ret−CM (n = 18) | p* | UM (n = 38) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr), median [IQR] | 4.0 [3.0, 5.7] | 3.7 [1.9, 5.7] | 0.49 | 5.5 [2.0, 7.0] | 0.33 |
| Male, n (%) | 35 (61.4) | 9 (50.0) | 0.39 | 22 (57.9) | 0.73 |
| Smear score, median [IQR] | 3 [4] | 4 [4] | 0.05 | 4 [4] | <0.0001 |
| Parasitemia (103/ul), median [IQR] | 4.7 [0.5, 96.3] | 61.1 [29.2, 229.8] | 0.04 | NA | |
| Pfhrp2 (ng/ml), median [IQR] | 4466 [14476] | 609 [6251] | 0.01 | 190 [461] | <0.0001 |
| Hgb (g/dL), median [IQR] | 7.6 [6.4, 9.0] | 7.4 [6.7, 10.0] | 0.44 | 9.9 [8.5, 11.7] | <0.0001 |
| Platelets (103/pl), median [IQR] | 50 [84] | 152.5 [199] | 0.004 | 134 [72.5, 194] | <0.0001 |
| Total WBC (103/pl), median [IQR] | 8.5 [7.0, 11.6] | 8.6 [4.9, 12.8] | 0.58 | 7.5 [6.0, 9.4] | 0.09 |
| Lactate (mmol/L), median [IQR] | 3.4 [2.1, 5.6] | 3.3 [2.3, 4.0] | 0.49 | NA | |
| Blantyre coma score, median [IQR] | 2 [2] | 2 [2] | 0.73 | UC | |
| Severe malarial anemia, n (%) | 19(33.3) | 2 (11.1) | 0.07 | 0(0) | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory distress, n (%) | 13 (22.8) | 6 (33.3) | 0.37 | 0(0) | 0.002 |
| Jaundice, n (%) | 5 (8.8) | 0(0) | 0.19 | 0(0) | 0.06 |
| Brain swelling°, n (%) | 41 (77.4) | 5 (41.7) | 0.01 | UC | |
| MRI scores (scale 1–8) | |||||
| 1–4 – Absence of swelling | 12 (22.6) | 7 (58.3) | |||
| 5–6 – Mild/moderate swelling | 17(32.1) | 4 (33.3) | |||
| 7–8 – Severe swelling | 24 (45.3) | 1 (8.3) | |||
| Mortality, n (%) | 7(12.3) | 1 (5.6) | 0.42 | 0(0) | 0.025 |
IQR, interquartile range; UC, uncomplicated and by definition BCS=5, no swelling; NA, not available.
°
Ret+CM (n=53), Ret−CM (n=12); Brain swelling = MRI score > 4.
*
p-values correspond to Wilcoxon rank-sum or chi-squared test between indicated group and Ret+CM. See also Tables SI and S2