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. 2017 Nov 6;22(2):1302–1315. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13431

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© 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effects of CMs generated by unpolarized Mφs (CM0) and polarized Mφs (CM1 and CM2) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) proliferation; normal complete medium (Norm) was used as a control. (A) Proliferative capacity of BMMSCs in different cultures evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays during a 7‐day incubation period. (B) Proliferative capacity of BMMSCs in different cultures determined by EdU incorporation assays; representative images showing EdU‐positive cells (red fluorescence; scale bar: 100 μm). (C) Representative images of colony‐forming units (CFUs) (top) and a single CFU (bottom) formed by BMMSCs in different cultures on day 14 (scale bar: 250 μm). (D) Quantitative analysis of the number of CFUs formed by BMMSCs in different cultures; data are shown as the mean ± SD; **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 represent significant differences between the indicated columns.