Table 1.
List of studies included in the meta-analysis with samples sizes (N), effect sizes, expressed as the natural logarithm of the hazard ratio of TL and associated standard error (s.e.) alongside information on moderator variables tested (see §2 for details).
| study | ref. | class | order | species | N | ln hazard ratio | s.e. | follow-up | TL method | age group | log lifespan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angelier (2013) | [34] | Aves | Passeriformes | Setophaga ruticilla | 36 | −1.100 | 0.460 | 1 | qPCR | adult | 2.312535 |
| Asghar (2015) | [35] | Aves | Passeriformes | Acrocephalus arundinaceus | 100 | −0.293 | 0.113 | 23 | qPCR | juvenile | 2.312535 |
| Barrett (2013)a | [22] | Aves | Passeriformes | Acrocephalus sechellensis | 203 | 0.064 | 0.071 | 15 | qPCR | adult | 2.833213 |
| Barrett (2013)a | [22] | Aves | Passeriformes | Acrocephalus sechellensis | 203 | −0.414 | 0.192 | 1 | qPCR | adult | 2.833213 |
| Bauch (2014) | [36] | Aves | Charadriiformes | Sterna hirundo | 181 | −0.140 | 0.113 | 4 | TRF | adult | 3.496508 |
| Beaulieu (2011) | [26] | Aves | Sphenisciformes | Pygoscelis adeliae | 72 | 0.036 | 0.313 | 3 | qPCR | adult | 2.772589 |
| Belmaker (2016) | [37] | Aves | Passeriformes | Tachycineta bicolor | 107 | −0.054 | 0.124 | 1 | TRF | adult | 2.493205 |
| Bize (2009) | [24] | Aves | Apodiformes | Apus melba | 96 | −0.348 | 0.126 | 6 | qPCR | adult | 3.258097 |
| Boonekamp (2014) | [38] | Aves | Passeriformes | Corvus monedula | 241 | −0.023 | 0.149 | 8 | TRF | juvenile | 3.010621 |
| Caprioli (2013) | [39] | Aves | Passeriformes | Hirundo rustico | 60 | −0.014 | 0.136 | 11 | TRF | juvenile | 2.772589 |
| Fairlie (2016)a | [40] | Mammalia | Artiodactyla | Ovis aries | 87 | −0.262 | 0.315 | 12 | qPCR | adult | 3.126761 |
| Fairlie (2016)a | [40] | Mammalia | Artiodactyla | Ovis aries | 116 | −0.405 | 0.206 | 1 | qPCR | juvenile | 3.126761 |
| Foote (2009) | [41] | Aves | Procellariiformes | Macronectes halli | 36 | −0.060 | 0.249 | 8 | TRF | adult | 3.688879 |
| Foote (2011) | [42] | Aves | Procellariiformes | Macronectes giganteus | 47 | −0.327 | 0.195 | 8 | TRF | adult | 3.688879 |
| Reichert (2017) | [43] | Aves | Procellariiformes | Diomedea exulans | 56 | −0.227 | 0.224 | 12 | qPCR | adult | 3.912023 |
| Geiger (2012) | [44] | Aves | Sphenisciformes | Aptenodytes patagonicus | 36 | −2.198 | 0.524 | 1 | qPCR | juvenile | 3.258097 |
| Haussmann (2005) | [23] | Aves | Passeriformes | Tachycineta bicolor | 22 | −0.741 | 0.308 | 4 | TRF | juvenile | 2.493205 |
| Heidinger (2012) | [25] | Aves | Passeriformes | Taeniopygia guttata | 99 | −0.420 | 0.108 | 8.7 | qPCR | juvenile | 2.484907 |
| Olsson (2011) | [33] | Reptilia | Squamata | Lacerta agilis | 126 | −0.071 | 0.084 | 25 | TRF | adult | 2.079442 |
| Ouyang (2016) | [45] | Aves | Passeriformes | Tachycineta bicolor | 74 | −0.034 | 0.127 | 3 | TRF | adult | 2.493205 |
| Reichert (2014) | [27] | Aves | Passeriformes | Taeniopygia guttata | 50 | −0.161 | 0.227 | 1 | qPCR | adult | 2.484907 |
| Reichert (2015) | [46] | Aves | Passeriformes | Taeniopygia guttata | 65 | −0.624 | 0.296 | 1 | qPCR | juvenile | 2.484907 |
| Salomons (2009) | [47] | Aves | Passeriformes | Corvus monedula | 48 | −0.076 | 0.219 | 4 | TRF | adult | 3.010621 |
| Stier (2014) | [48] | Aves | Sphenisciformes | Aptenodytes patagonicus | 82 | −0.352 | 0.190 | 1 | qPCR | juvenile | 3.258097 |
| Sudyka (2014) | [28] | Aves | Passeriformes | Cyanistes caeruleus | 56 | −0.036 | 0.145 | 2 | qPCR | adult | 2.681022 |
| Taff (2017) | [49] | Aves | Passeriformes | Geothlypis trichas | 89 | −0.296 | 0.167 | 4 | qPCR | adult | 2.442347 |
| Ujvari (2009)a | [50] | Reptilia | Squamata | Liasis fuscus | 50 | 0.477 | 0.182 | 10 | TRF | juvenile | 3.288402 |
| Ujvari (2009)a | [50] | Reptilia | Squamata | Liasis fuscus | 20 | 0.117 | 0.278 | 3 | TRF | adult | 3.288402 |
| Ujvari (2016) | [51] | Reptilia | Squamata | Chlamydosaurus kingii | 72 | −0.496 | 0.254 | 2 | qPCR | adult | 2.292535 |
| Watson (2015) | [31] | Aves | Procellariiformes | Hydrobates pelagicus | 59 | −1.260 | 0.430 | 0.2 | qPCR | juvenile | 3.520461 |
aMultiple estimates associated with different age groups or follow-up times in our analysis.