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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Saf Sci. 2018 Mar;103:62–69. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2017.11.011

Table 2.

Safety training evaluation characteristics and information sources among small and large construction firms.

Characteristics Small
Large
Total
p-value
n % n % n %
Method of evaluating safety training**
Employee feedback 34 68.0 171 79.5 205 77.4 0.0791
Reported injuries 14 28.0 101 47.0 115 43.4 0.015*,1
Worker perception surveys 16 32.0 102 47.4 118 44.5 0.048*,1
Employee knowledge test and demonstration of competence 26 52.0 153 71.2 179 67.5 0.009*,1
Workers’ compensation insurance claims 11 22.0 67 31.2 78 29.4 0.200
Compliance audit/inspection 21 42.0 156 72.6 177 66.8 < 0.001*,1
Surveys and data collection 7 14.0 75 34.9 82 30.9 0.004* 1
Review of leading and lagging organizational indicators 7 14.0 121 56.3 128 48.3 < 0.001*,1
Observed benefits of company’s safety training**
Reduced legal liability 23 46.0 96 44.7 119 44.9 0.876
Higher employee morale 24 48.0 140 65.1 164 61.9 0.025*,1
Reduced workers’ compensation claims 26 52.0 142 66.0 168 63.4 0.063
Reduced employee injuries 33 66.0 172 80.0 205 77.4 0.033*,1
Higher employee retention 19 38.0 110 51.2 129 48.7 0.093
Higher productivity 26 52.0 120 55.8 146 55.1 0.625
Improved safety culture 34 68.0 181 84.2 215 81.1 0.008*,1
Improved bottom line 17 34.0 98 45.6 115 43.4 0.137
Better competitiveness in the bidding process 13 26.0 95 44.2 108 40.8 0.018*,1
No observed benefits 1 2.0 11 5.1 12 4.5 0.474***
Companies that provide business with safety information**
Insurance provider 23 46.0 127 59.1 150 56.6 0.093
Healthcare provider 8 16.0 49 22.8 57 21.5 0.293
Equipment supplier 19 38.0 116 54.0 135 50.9 0.042*
Trade association 20 40.0 111 51.6 131 49.4 0.139
Professional and technical associations 26 52.0 159 74.0 185 69.8 0.002*,1
Government agencies 19 38.0 118 54.9 137 51.7 0.031*,1
Unions 6 12.0 49 22.8 55 20.8 0.090
Private consultant 13 26.0 48 22.3 61 23.0 0.578
Other companies that provide safety training to non-native workers at company**
Temporary staffing agencies 3 6.0 29 13.5 32 12.1 0.143
Faith-based organizations 0 0.0 6 2.8 6 2.3 0.598***
Trade schools 4 8.0 23 10.7 27 10.2 0.570
Unions 2 4.0 48 22.3 50 18.9 0.003*,1
Community-based organizations 2 4.0 11 5.1 13 4.9 1.000***
None 22 44.0 113 52.6 135 50.9 0.276
*

Statistically significant at α= 0.05.

**

Multiple response questions, only the percentage of those who responded are reported.

***

Fisher’s exact test (not significant).

1

Significant using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, Q = 0.10.