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Ongoing damage of mastication promotes accumulation of Th17 cells in the gingiva. Accumulation of tissue Th17 is dependent on microbial signals in the skin and gastrointestinal tract. However, at the oral/gingival barrier, Th17 arise under physiologic conditions independent of microbiome. At the gingiva, ongoing damage from mastication is a local, tissue-specific cue, which, in the presence of cognate antigen, will induce oral Th17 cells.
