Table 3.

Principal risk factors for iatrogenic colonoscopy perforations (ICP)

Risk factors	References
Increasing age (> 65 years)	[18, 23, 26, 27, 36]
Female gender	[18, 28, 29, 36]
Low BMI	[28, 29]
Low albumin level	[20, 23, 26, 28]
Presence of comorbidities	[18, 36]
Crohn’s disease and diverticulosis	[16, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28]
Admission in ICU	[20, 23, 26, 28]
Endoscopist’s experience	[18, 29, 31–33]
Non-gastroenterologist endoscopists	[31, 33]
Low volume centers	[31, 33]
Previous abdominal surgery	[16, 36]
Colonic obstruction	[16, 18]
Bevacizumab therapy	[44, 46, 47]
Therapeutic vs. diagnostic procedure	[5, 10, 37–42, 44, 49]
Colonoscopy vs. sigmoidoscopy	[5, 29, 36]
General anesthesia	[34, 35]