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Main etiologies of iatrogenic colonoscopy perforation (ICP)
| Type of injury | |
| • Direct mechanical trauma | |
| • Barotrauma | |
| • Thermal/electrical injury | |
| Endoscopic therapeutic procedures at risk for ICP | |
| • Colorectal stenting | |
| • Polypectomy | |
| • Colonic dilation | |
| • Argon plasma coagulation (APC) | |
| • Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) | |
| • Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) |
