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Schematic diagram of the transport pathways of NPs in the outer epithelium of the RWM (left) and the passage loci of PLGA NPs in the RWM (right). Black solid arrows indicate the pathways that were directly or indirectly proven in this study.
Abbreviations: PLGA NPs, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles; RWM, round window membrane; MβCD, methyl-β-cyclodextrin; MON, monensin sodium salt; BFA, brefeldin A.
