Table 3.
Adjusted mean changes in WLZs and BAZs of infantsa
| Feeding groups/Age interval | WLZ changeb (n = 1054) |
P values | BAZ changec (n = 1054) |
P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BM,mo | ||||
| Birth─3 | 0.84(0.75,0.94) | 0.84(0.75,0.93) | ||
| 3─6 | 0.12(0.05,0.20) | −0.01(−0.09,0.06) | ||
| 6─12 | −0.19(−0.27,-0.12) | −0.16(−0.23,-0.08) | ||
| LFM,mo | ||||
| Birth─3 | 0.79(0.66,0.91) | 0.833 | 0.76(0.64,0.88) | 0.753 |
| 3─6 | 0.26(0.16,0.35)* | 0.016 | 0.12(0.03,0.21)* | 0.013 |
| 6─12 | −0.04(−0.13,0.06)* | 0.018 | −0.02(−0.12,0.08) | 0.056 |
| HFM,mo | ||||
| Birth─3 | 0.77(0.56,0.99) | 0.833 | 0.80(0.60,1.00) | 0.753 |
| 3─6 | 0.30(0.14,0.47)* | 0.023 | 0.15(−0.01,0.31)* | 0.033 |
| 6─12 | 0.00(−0.17,0.16)* | 0.048 | −0.02(−0.19,0.15) | 0.056 |
aValues are means with 95% CIs in parentheses. Analyses were performed with the use of linear mixed-effect modeling and adjusted for infant sex, infant birth weight, cesarean, introduction of solid foods, illness episodes, pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy, and WLZ or BAZ at birth. BM, no formula milk; LFM, <840 ml formula milk/d; HFM, ≥840 ml formula milk/d; WLZ, weight-for-length z-scores; BAZ, BMI-for-age z score. *Significantly different from BM at the same time interval determined by one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). bSignificant 2-way interaction: feeding practices 3 × age; P = 0.002. cTwo-way interaction: feeding practices 3 × age; P = 0.017