Table 2.
Cox proportional hazard model of all-cause mortality (event = 142/ n = 497)
| Risk factor | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% Cl | P value | HR | 95% Cl | P value | |
| Age | 1.045 | 1.028–1.063 | < 0.001 | 1.025 | 1.007–1.044 | 0.007 |
| Male sex | 1.044 | 0.741–1.472 | 0.805 | |||
| NYHA class III or IV | 4.662 | 2.718–7.995 | < 0.001 | 1.561 | 0.826–2.949 | 0.170 |
| Ischemic etiology | 1.031 | 0.682–1.560 | 0.885 | |||
| Preserved LVEF | 0.770 | 0.552–1.073 | 0.122 | |||
| Hypertension | 1.089 | 0.719–1.651 | 0.687 | |||
| Diabetes | 1.331 | 0.957–1.851 | 0.089 | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.842 | 1.274–2.664 | 0.001 | 1.352 | 0.899–2.032 | 0.147 |
| Anemia | 2.456 | 1.688–3.573 | < 0.001 | 1.849 | 1.214–2.816 | 0.004 |
| Hyponatremia | 2.089 | 1.346–3.241 | 0.001 | 1.406 | 0.890–2.222 | 0.144 |
| Log BNP | 3.541 | 2.394–5.238 | < 0.001 | 2.970 | 1.903–4.635 | < 0.001 |
| RAS inhibitors | 0.632 | 0.433–0.921 | 0.017 | 0.750 | 0.492–1.141 | 0.179 |
| β-blockers | 0.636 | 0.437–0.927 | 0.018 | 0.657 | 0.426–1.014 | 0.058 |
| Diuretics | 2.290 | 1.379–3.802 | 0.001 | 2.008 | 1.137–3.546 | 0.016 |
| Inotropic agents | 2.026 | 1.377–2.982 | < 0.001 | 2.126 | 1.366–2.308 | 0.001 |
| Anticoagulants: Non | Ref | Ref | ||||
| VKAs | 0.493 | 0.335–0.725 | < 0.001 | 0.472 | 0.296–0.750 | 0.002 |
| DOACs | 0.352 | 0.210–0.590 | < 0.001 | 0.356 | 0.199–0.638 | 0.001 |
NYHA New York Heart Association, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, RAS renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, VKAs vitamin K antagonists, DOACs direct oral anti-coagulants