Table 1.
Characteristics of selected studies
| Author, year | Country | Study design | Main treatment | Other active drugs | Duration (weeks) | Primary outcome | Secondary outcomes | Exercise methodology and intensity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Man WDC, 2004 | UK | Crossover | Salmeterol 50 μg bid | – | 2 | Transdiaphragmatic pressure | Endurance time. Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Treadmill, 80% W |
| O’Donnell DE, 2004 | Canada | Crossover | Salmeterol 50 μg bid | – | 2 | Pulmonary function and dyspnoea | Endurance time | Bike, 75% W |
| Neder JA, 2007 | Brazil, UK | Crossover | Formoterol 12 μg bid | – | 2 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike 80%, W |
| Beeh KM, 2011 | Germany, UK | Crossover | Indacaterol 300 μg od | – | 2 | Pulmonary function | Endurance time, dyspnoea | Bike 80%, W |
| O’Donnell DE, 2011 | Canada, Belgium, Spain, USA, UK | Crossover | Indacaterol 300 μg od | – | 3 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike 75%, W |
| Maltais F, 2016 | Germany | Crossover | Olodaterol 5, 10 μg | – | 6 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike 75%, W |
| O’Donnell DE, 2004 | Canada, Germany, USA | Parallel | Tiotropium 18 μg od | – | 6 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike 75%, W |
| Casaburi R, 2005 | USA | Parallel | Tiotropium 18 μg od | – | 25 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Treadmill, 80% W |
| Maltais F, 2005 | Canada, USA | Parallel | Tiotropium 18 μg od | – | 6 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike, 75% W |
| Travers J, 2007 | Canada, USA | Crossover | Tiotropium 18 μg od | – | 1 | Cardiopulmonary function | Endurance time | Bike, 75% W |
| Maltais F, 2011 | Canada, USA, Spain | Parallel | Aclidinium 200 μg od | – | 6 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike, 75% W |
| Beeh KM, 2012 | Germany, UK, Switzerland | Crossover | Glycopyrronium 50 μg od | – | 3 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike, 80% W |
| Cooper CB, 2013 | USA, UK, Brazil | Parallel | Tiotropium 18 μg od | – | 96 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Treadmill 90% Wa |
| Beeh KM, 2014 | Germany | Crossover | Aclidinium 400 μg bid | – | 3 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike, 75% W |
| Casaburi R, 2014 | USA, Canada | Crossover | Tiotropium 18 μg od | – | 6 | IC isotime | Endurance time, Borg isotime | Treadmill, 80% Wa |
| Bedard M-E, 2012 | Canada | Parallel | Tiotropium 18 μg od | – | 3 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | ESWT, 80% VO2 |
| Beeh KM, 2014 | Germany, UK, USA | Crossover | Indacaterol/Glycopyrronium 110/50 μg od | Tiotropium 18 μg od | 3 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike, 75% W |
| Maltais F, 2014 | Germany | Crossover | Umeclidinium/vilanterol 125/25, 62,5/25 μg | Vilanterol 25 μg, Umeclidinium 62,5, 125 μg | 12 | Endurance time, trough FEV1 | Pulmonary function | ESWT, 80–90% speed |
| O’Donnell, 2017 | Crossover | Tiotropium/Olodaterol, 5/2,5, 5/5 μg | Tiotropium 5 μg, Olodaterol 5 μg | 6 | Endurance time, inspiratory capacity | Pulmonary function, dyspnea | Bike, 75% W | |
| O’Donnell DE, 2006 | Canada, USA | Parallel | Salmeterol 50 μg/Fluticasone 250 μg bid | Salmeterol 50 μg bid | 8 | Pulmonary function and dyspnoea | Endurance time | Bike, 75% W |
| Worth H, 2010 | Germany, Sweden | Crossover | Budesonide/formoterol 320/9 μg bid | Formoterol 9 μg bid | 1 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnea | Bike, 75% W |
| Guenette JA, 2013 | Canada | Crossover | Fluticasone 250/Salmeterol 50 μg bid | – | 6 | Endurance time | Pulmonary function, dyspnoea | Bike, 85% W |
Od Once daily, Bid Twice daily, ESWT Endurance shuttle walking test, W Work load. aWork rate was adjusted to obtain an exercise duration between a specified time interval