Table 2.
History of comorbidities and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) values at baseline
| Comorbidity variablea | Female N = 47,487 (53.6%) |
Male N = 41,061 (46.4%) |
P-value | Total N = 88,548 (100%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease | 18,430 (38.8) | 20,575 (50.1) | <0.001 | 39,005 (44.0) |
| Hypertension | 18,519 (39.0) | 16,069 (39.1) | 0.683 | 34,588 (39.1) |
| Asthma | 11,782 (24.8) | 7593 (18.5) | <0.001 | 19,375 (21.9) |
| Any malignancy | 8209 (17.3) | 8325 (20.3) | <0.001 | 16,534 (18.7) |
| Diabetes | 7294 (15.4) | 8012 (19.5) | <0.001 | 15,306 (17.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6248 (13.2) | 6785 (16.5) | <0.001 | 13,033 (14.7) |
| Mood disorders | 4818 (10.1) | 2526 (6.2) | <0.001 | 7344 (8.3) |
| Osteoporosis | 4688 (9.9) | 845 (2.1) | <0.001 | 5533 (6.2) |
| Renal disease | 1304 (2.7) | 2074 (5.1) | <0.001 | 3378 (3.8) |
| Number of comorbidities (from those listed above) |
1.71 ± 1.37 | 1.77 ± 1.35 | <0.001 | 1.74 ± 1.36 |
| 0 | 10,233 (21.6) | 8125 (19.8) | 18,358 (20.7) | |
| 1 | 13,210 (27.8) | 10,948 (26.7) | 24,158 (27.3) | |
| 2 | 11,244 (23.7) | 10,259 (25.0) | 21,503 (24.3) | |
| 3-5 | 12,454 (26.2) | 11,513 (28.0) | 23,967 (27.1) | |
| 6-9 | 346 (0.7) | 216(0.5) | 562 (0.6) | |
| CCI | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 2.1 | <0.001 | 2.7 ± 2.0 |
| 1 | 18,761 (39.5) | 12,850 (31.3) | 31,611 (35.7) | |
| 2 | 10,338 (21.8) | 8569 (20.9) | 18,907 (21.4) | |
| 3-5 | 15,066 (31.7) | 15,452 (37.6) | 30,518 (34.5) | |
| > 5 | 3322 (7.0) | 4190 (10.2) | 7512 (8.5) | |
| Pneumonia/influenzab | 2447 (5.2) | 2481 (6.0) | <0.001 | 4928 (5.6) |