(a) Schematic for autonomous stepwise growth of a primer sequence. (b) Reaction diagram for five elongation steps, patterned by hairpins A, B, C, D, and E. (c) Denaturing gel demonstrating differential extension with different subsets of the hairpin species present. Reactions were incubated for 4 hours at 37 °C, with primers at 100 nM, hairpins at 10 nM, and dATP, dTTP, and dCTP at 10 μM each. (d) Schematic for parallel synthesis of 40 staple strands for a DNA origami structure and AFM image of three of these structures aggregated with expected origami borders overlaid. PER synthesis reactions were incubated for 1 hour at 37 °C, with primers at 100 nM, hairpins at 10 nM, and dATP, dTTP, and dCTP at 100 μM each. After heat inactivation, scaffold was introduced directly to the reactions, and structures were annealed from 80 °C to 20 °C over 1 hour. See Methods section and Supplementary Note 4 for additional details.