Table 2. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and psychological measurements over time.
| Beetroot Session n = 35 | Control Session n = 36 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||
| FENO50 (ppb) | Pre | 19.1 | 9.4 | 20.7 | 12.0 |
| 45 Min | 34.6 | 13.7 | 20.9 | 12.4 | |
| 90 Min | 33.7 | 15.5 | 20.9 | 12.5 | |
| lnFENO50 | Pre | 2.95 | 2.24 | 3.03 | 2.48 |
| 45 Min | 3.54 | 2.62 | 3.04 | 2.52 | |
| 90 Min | 3.52 | 2.74 | 3.04 | 2.53 | |
| Systolic BP (mm/Hg) | Pre | 110.2 | 13.9 | 110.1 | 11.7 |
| 45 Min | 111.1 | 10.1 | 108.1 | 9.0 | |
| 90 Min | 108.9 | 11.1 | 110.9 | 9.1 | |
| Diastolic BP (mm/Hg) | Pre | 73.9 | 8.2 | 72.0 | 5.6 |
| 45 Min | 75.9 | 8.8 | 71.2 | 5.7 | |
| 90 Min | 75.3 | 7.9 | 75.6 | 9.6 | |
| Heart Rate (bpm) | Pre | 69.9 | 10.3 | 68.8 | 8.2 |
| 45 Min | 69.4 | 10.5 | 66.0 | 9.3 | |
| 90 Min | 69.9 | 11.6 | 67.3 | 13.3 | |
| PANAS-PA | Pre | 9.5 | 6.0 | 9.6 | 5.8 |
| 45 Min | 7.6 | 5.7 | 7.0 | 4.8 | |
| 90 Min | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 4.6 | |
| PANAS-NA | Pre | 5.5 | 3.4 | 4.9 | 3.9 |
| 45 Min | 4.7 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.5 | |
| 90 Min | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.7 | |
Mixed model repeated measures ANOVAs were utilized to establish that there was no significant difference between baseline values in physiological variables on the experimental and control days at the p< .05 level. PANAS-PA and PANAS-NA reflect mean values of subscales. Two subjects did not attend the water control session, and three subjects did not attend the beetroot supplement session.