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. 2017 Jul 21;14(11):1606–1616. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1338243

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© 2017 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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Figure 3. — Northern blot experiments. Total RNA was extracted from MDCK cells inoculated with SL1, SR1, SLR1, WT, LQ1 and mock (NC). As a positive control for (-)RNA a unidirectional pSP72-PhuTmu plasmid containing the M gene segment was transfected into 293T cells, which produces only negative sense vRNA. Additionally, pCAGGS-M1 (M1) and pCAGGS-M2 (M2) plasmids were transfected into 293T cells to serve as positive mRNA controls. Approximately 40 hours after transfection, total RNA was extracted and used to produce Northern blot. Arrow heads indicate the region of interest. A representative blot of 3 experiments is shown for (-)RNA (A), (+)RNA (B) and M2 mRNA (D). The 2 bands in panel D correspond to unspliced M1 and spliced (M2) mRNA. (C) Total RNA from SL1, SR1, SLR1 and WT was used for polyA purification to isolate mRNA and this was used in a Northern blot with the (+)RNA probe.