. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Anesth Analg. 2017 Nov;125(5):1682–1703. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002426

Table 6.

Painful Diabetic Neuropathy – Effective Medications based on Included Studies

Painful Diabetic Neuropathy – Effective Medications

FDA On-Label	Off-Label
*Topical (non-local anesthetic)*
Capsaicin 0.025%; 0.075%; 0.025%–10%–25%; 0.035%; 0.1%; 8%; 0.25%	Clonidine

*Amine Reuptake Inhibitors (ARI)*
Duloxetine	Desipramine, Imipramine, Amitriptyline,Venlafaxine, Paroxetine

*Membrane Stabilizers*
Pregabalin	Gabapentin, Topiramate, Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, Zonisamide

*ARI/Opioid*
Tapentadol ER	Tramadol

*Local Anesthetics*
None	Mexiletine

*NMDA Antagonists*
None	Dextromethorphan

*Miscellaneous*
None	Intradermal Botulinum Toxin Type A,Cannabis, Nabilone

FDA: Food and Drug Administration; ARI: amine reuptake inhibitor; ER: extended release; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate