Notes. *The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) was developed by Glasgow and colleagues to evaluate whether patients with chronic illness experience care that aligns with models of chronic‐care delivery (Glasgow et al.
2005). This version was modified for use in the Safety Net Medical Home Initiative. **The Patient‐Centered Medical Home (PCMH) Score (100‐point scale: 0 = worst, 100 = best) was developed based on the 2008 National Committee for Quality Assurance PCMH standards, using five PCMH subscales: access to care and communication with patients, communication with other providers, tracking data, care management, and quality improvement (Sugarman et al.
2014). We defined “high improvement” clinics as those achieving ≥ median improvement and “low improvement” clinics as those achieving < median improvement in PCMH capability over the 5‐year intervention period.