Table 3.

Pooled absolute risk differences of antibiotic resistance from meta-analysis of animal studies, by antiobiotic drug class

	Number of studies	Pooled absolute risk difference (95% CI)
Enterobacteriaceae in faecal samples
Aminoglycosides	21	−0·12 (−0·17 to −0·07)
Amphenicols	16	−0·04 (−0·06 to −0·03)
Cephalosporins	17	−0·01 (−0·04 to 0·01)
Penicillins	20	−0·12 (−0·18 to −0·07)
Quinolones	17	−0·01 (−0·02 to 0·00)
Sulfonamides	20	−0·06 (−0·09 to −0·02)
Tetracyclines	21	−0·16 (−0·27 to −0·05)
Enterobacteriaceae in meat samples
Aminoglycosides	12	−0·07 (−0·12 to −0·02)
Amphenicols	11	−0·08 (−0·14 to −0·03)
Cephalosporins	11	−0·07 (−0·14 to 0·01)
Penicillins	11	−0·16 (−0·25 to −0·08)
Quinolones	12	−0·09 (−0·17 to −0·02)
Sulfonamides	13	−0·23 (−0·32 to −0·13)
Tetracyclines	13	−0·20 (−0·36 to −0·03)
Enterococcus spp. in faecal samples
Aminoglycosides	7	−0·13 (−0·23 to −0·02)
Glycopeptides	12	−0·22 (−0·32 to −0·12)
Macrolides	10	−0·39 (−0·56 to −0·23)
Penicillins	7	−0·10 (−0·18 to −0·02)
Streptogramins	8	−0·31 (−0·46 to −0·17)
Tetracyclines	7	−0·30 (−0·48 to −0·13)
Campylobacter spp. in faecal samples
Aminoglycosides	8	−0·02 (−0·03 to 0·00)
Amphenicols	7	0·00 (−0·02 to 0·02)
Macrolides	11	−0·15 (−0·26 to −0·04)
Penicillins	8	−0·03 (−0·08 to 0·02)
Quinolones	11	−0·06 (−0·16 to 0·05)
Tetracyclines	10	−0·12 (−0·20 to −0·03)
Campylobacter spp. in meat samples
Macrolides	7	−0·04 (−0·17 to 0·09)
Quinolones	9	−0·08 (−0·17 to 0·01)
Tetracyclines	7	0·01 (−0·19 to 0·21)
Staphylococcus spp. in milk samples
Aminoglycosides	6	−0·04 (−0·13 to 0·05)
Lincosamides	7	−0·09 (−0·16 to −0·02)
Macrolides	8	−0·06 (−0·10 to −0·01)
Penicillins	10	−0·07 (−0·11 to −0·02)
Sulfonamides	6	−0·04 (−0·07 to 0·00)
Tetracyclines	9	−0·06 (−0·10 to −0·01)