. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Feb;131(2):345–353. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002431

Table 4.

Indications for cesarean birth in one hour beyond historical definitions of second-stage duration by parity and epidural status^*

	Nulliparous With Epidural >3.0 to 4.0 hours (n=270)	Nulliparous Without Epidural >2.0 to 3.0 hours (n=38)	Multiparous With Epidural >2.0 to 3.0 hours (n=65)	Multiparous Without Epidural >1.0 to 2.0 hours (n=5)
Failure to progress or CPD ^b	227 (84.1%)	29 (76.3%)	46 (70.8%)	1 (20.0%)
Non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing ^c	24 (8.9%)	8 (21.1%)	9 (13.8%)	4 (80.0%)
Other	31 (11.5%)	6 (15.8%)	13 (20.0%)	2 (40.0%)

Abbreviations: CPD, cephalopelvic disproportion

Since more than one indication could have been listed, indications add up to > 100%.