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. 2018 Jan 25;8:1603. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16703-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Therapeutic efficacy of ND-EFV on HIV-1 infected Macrophages. HIV replication was monitored in three different conditions. The HIV-infected cells that were kept untreated served as positive control (in red). HIV-infected cells were treated with unformulated EFV (40 µg/ml) served as reference (in blue). The ND-EFV (40 µg/ml) treated cells were considered as a test (in green). In all three sets of treatments, the p24 level was monitored at a different time interval to measure the effect of treatment on HIV replication. In this case, 24h post infection was considered as day 0. Statistical significance was calculated with respect to p values (p < 0.0001).