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. 2018 Jan 25;8:1596. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18454-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vitro inhibition of glutamate release using dental pulp stem cell derived neurons. (A) Comparison of glutamate release between DPSC and DPSC neurons after 12 weeks of differentiation. A significantly higher fluorometric readout (indicative of the amount of glutamate released) was observed in the neuronally differentiated DPSC neuron group, as compared to blank and DPSC group. No significant difference between blank and DPSC cultures was observed. (B) Comparison of glutamate release between DPSC neuron without any drug (control) and those with the 4 different peptides (Arg0, 1, 2, 3). Arg3 demonstrated the greatest anti-wrinkle efficacy with a reduction of 43% in the release of glutamate. (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01).