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. 2018 Jan 25;9:368. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02796-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Ino80 depletion results in faulty endothelial cell sprouting and migration. a, b Schematics, confocal images, and quantifications of sinus venosus and endocardial angiogenesis assays. Arrows indicate direction of endothelial cell sprouting. Endothelial cells are labeled with ERG and either VE-cadherin (a) or through Nfatc1Cre lineage tracing (Nfatc1Cre-line) (b). Images are representative of the following number of replicates: sinus venosus (control, n = 5 heart explants; mutant, n = 3 heart explants) (a) and ventricles (Ino80 deleted using Nfatc1Cre), (control, n = 8 heart explants; mutant, n = 3 heart explants). Scale bars: 100 μm. Sprouting of endothelial cells is significantly decreased in Ino80-deficient explants from both the sinus venosus (Ino80 deleted using Tie2Cre), (control, n = 5 heart explants; mutant, n = 3 heart explants) (a) and ventricles (Ino80 deleted using Nfatc1Cre), (control, n = 8 heart explants; mutant, n = 3 heart explants) (b). (**) P < 0.01, evaluated by Student’s t-test. c–f In vitro wound assays with control or Ino80-depleted primary Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). c Migration to fill the wound is slower and less collective in Ino80-depleted cells. Images are representative of the following number of replicates: Control, n = 6; Ino80 siRNA, n = 6. Scale bars: 100 μm. d Quantification of wound closure. Error bars in graphs are standard deviation. (Control, n = 6; Ino80 siRNA, n = 6). NS nonsignificant, ****P < 0.0001, evaluated by Student’s t-test. e Representative higher magnification highlights the abnormal space (arrowheads) between mutant cells at the migration front. Scale bars: 50 μm. (Control, n = 6; Ino80 siRNA, n = 6). f Migration tracts (n = 20 cells/condition) color-coded to highlight starting (orange) and ending (green) points show the decreased directionality of mutant cells. Error bars in graphs are standard deviation