Table 5.

Association of Patient-Centered Decision-Making^a (PCDM) with Communication Process and Patient and Clinician Interpersonal Ratings^b within Medication and Counseling Decisions

	Medication Decisions							Counseling Decisions
	n=50 decisions							n=54 decisions
	Meanc (SD)		Estimate β			p-value		Meanc (SD)		Estimate β		p-value
Association of Communication Process Measures with Patient-Centered Decision-Makingd
Patient-centered interviewing ratio	2.17 (2.59)		0.06			0.05		2.44 (2.63)		0.05		0.10
Visit duration (minutes)	24.05 (7.27)		0.01			0.53		24.46 (7.83)		0.01		0.76
Associations of Patients’ and Clinicians’ Interpersonal Ratings with PCDM Adjusting for Visit Duratione and Stratified by High or Low Patient-Centered Interviewing Ratiof
	n=31 decisions							n=36 decisions
	Meanc (SD)	Low Patient- Centered Interviewing			High Patient- Centered Interviewing			Meanc (SD)	Low Patient- Centered Interviewing			High Patient- Centered Interviewing
		β		p- value	β		p- value		β		p- value	β	p- value
Patient’s perception of clinician’s participatory decision-making style:  Would DR ask for your input?	3.21 (1.01)	−0.72		0.25	−0.34		0.41	3.09 (1.22)	0.88		0.04	0.33	0.26
Patient’s interpersonal ratings of clinician
Patient likes clinician	4.70 (0.26)	−0.53		0.12	−0.12		0.25	4.60 (0.50)	0.20		0.24	−0.04	0.79
Patient trusts clinician	4.71 (0.46)	−0.41		<0.01	0.15		0.42	4.69 (0.47)	0.62		<0.01	−0.27	0.26
Patient feels respected by clinician	4.68 (0.48)	−0.22		0.14	−0.08		0.71	4.63 (0.49)	0.39		<0.01	−0.13	0.54
Clinician’s interpersonal ratings of patient
Patient likes the clinician	3.69 (0.54)	−0.41		<0.01	0.92		<0.01	3.61 (0.61)	0.03		0.89	−0.33	0.03
Patient trusts physician	3.72 (0.59)	−0.99		<0.01	0.54		0.29	3.67 (0.65)	0.29		0.32	−0.18	0.52
Physician respects patient	3.62 (0.86)	−0.01		0.73	1.23		<0.01	3.55 (0.87)	1.39		<0.01	−0.24	0.43
Time was well spent during the visit	3.66 (0.61)	0.29		−0.38	−0.81		0.10	3.61 (0.66)	0.14		0.73	−0.19	0.22

^aPatient-centered decision-making was defined as having at least one patient-centered element.

^bPatient’s perception of clinician’s participatory style, patient and clinician interpersonal ratings were evaluated as continuous variables.

^cMean equals the mean score for patient centered interviewing, visit duration, and patients’ and clinicians’ interpersonal ratings across decisions.

^dCommunication measures were treated as predictors of patient-centered decision-making (PCDM). Estimates represent the difference in PCDM per unit of patient-centered interviewing ratio and per minute of visit duration.

^ePatient-centered decision making was treated as a predictor of patients’ and clinicians’ interpersonal ratings. Models were adjusted for the duration of the visit. Estimates represent the difference in mean patient rating, or clinician rating score for “PCDM” versus “not PCDM”.

^f“High” and “low” patient-centered interviewing was established at the median score across medication and counseling decisions.