Figure 6.

LGG pretreatment attenuated S. Infantis-induced autophagy and promoted EGFR and Akt activation in the IPEC-J2 cell monolayers. (A) Autophagy in IPEC-J2 cells infected with S. Infantis was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Black arrows indicate S. Infantis and black arrowheads indicate single or double membrane of autophagosomes. Representative panels of LC3A/B-I and LC3A/B-II (B), p-EGFR and total-EGFR (C), and p-Akt and total-Akt (D) proteins in IPEC-J2 cells collected at the indicated time points after S. Infantis challenge (left panel). Each band represents an individual pig. The results are presented as the ratios of the band intensities of LC3A/B-II to GAPDH, p-Akt to total-Akt and p-EGFR to total-EGFR (right panel). The data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001.