Figure 4.

Structural characterizations of the pinhole-free-Li₃N–Li metal anode. (a) XRD pattern of the pinhole-free-Li₃N–Li metal anode and the Li metal anode with a Li₃N nanofilm. (b) Pole figure of the (001) plane of the dense pinhole-free-Li₃N layer. (c) 2D XRD pattern of the pinhole-free-Li₃N layer within a sample area of 100 × 100 μm. (d) Schematic of the Li metal anode with an oriented pinhole-free-Li₃N layer. XRD results indicate that the as-grown pinhole-free-Li₃N layer is highly oriented along the [001] crystalline direction and is comprised of large grains tens of micrometers in size.