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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2017 Nov 3;66:6–22. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.003

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Top) Schematic of a multi-material bioprinter with extrusion nozzles for material deposition - the canisters represent ceramics (white), cells (blue), and polymers (orange). Bottom) Progression of vascularization of a bioprinted 3D scaffold. Base (orange) can be any appropriate biopolymer (alginate, fibrin, or collagen) matrix material. 1) Cell-laden material (blue) is printed onto the base in any direction 2) matrix material fills surrounding area of build layer 3) additional matrix or vascularization material added 4) cell-laden tubule rinsed to wash away excess material and incubated, leaving pre-endothelial cells lining the support matrix allowing them to culture under biological conditions.