Table 1.
Cohort characteristics by CAM delirium diagnosis
| Variables n (%), m (sd), median (IQR) | Total | CAM delirium status | p value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FSD | SSD | No delirium | |||
| n, (%) | 610 (100) | 69 (11) | 202 (33) | 339 (56) | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Gender, (%) | |||||
| Male | 251 (41) | 24 (10) | 70 (28) | 157 (62) | 0.015* |
| Female | 359 (59) | 45 (12) | 132 (37) | 182 (51) | |
| Age in years, (%) | |||||
| 70–79 | 227 (37) | 13 (6) | 63 (28) | 151 (66) | < 0.001* |
| 80–89 | 265 (44) | 35 (13) | 85 (32) | 145 (55) | |
| 90+ | 118 (19) | 21 (18) | 54 (46) | 43 (36) | |
| Type of residence, (%) | |||||
| House | 434 (71) | 31 (7) | 122 (28) | 281 (65) | < 0.001* |
| Residential | 46 (8) | 4 (9) | 12 (26) | 30 (65) | |
| Nursing home | 42 (7) | 12 (29) | 20 (48) | 10 (24) | |
| Sheltered | 88 (14) | 22 (25) | 48 (55) | 18 (20) | |
| Ethnicity, (%) | |||||
| White | 428 (70) | 11 (12) | 144 (34) | 234 (55) | 0.816 |
| Marital status, (%) | |||||
| Married | 198 (33) | 15 (8) | 58 (29) | 125 (63) | 0.096 |
| Single | 87 (14) | 8 (9) | 30 (35) | 49 (56) | |
| Widowed | 282 (46) | 40 (14) | 101 (36) | 141 (50) | |
| Divorced | 36 (6) | 4 (11) | 10 (28) | 22 (61) | |
| Unknown | 7 (1) | 2 (28) | 3 (43) | 2 (29) | |
| Smoking status, (%) | |||||
| Never | 281 (46) | 40 (14) | 105 (37) | 136 (48) | < 0.001* |
| Ex | 269 (44) | 22 (8) | 83 (31) | 164 (61) | |
| Current | 55 (9) | 4 (7) | 13 (24) | 38 (69) | |
| Unknown | 5 (1) | 3 (60) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | |
| Clinical Characteristics | |||||
| Presence of CAM individual item acute onset, (%)a | 99 (17) | 69 (100) | 30 (15) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* |
| Presence of CAM individual item inattention, (%)a | 108 (19) | 69 (100) | 39 (19) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* |
| Presence of CAM individual item disorganized thinking, (%)a | 97 (17) | 65 (94) | 32 (16) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* |
| Presence of CAM individual item, altered level of consciousness, (%)a | 99 (17) | 63 (91) | 36 (19) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* |
| Psychiatric history admissions, (%)a | |||||
| None known | 483 (80) | 47 (10) | 149 (31) | 287 (59) | 0.047* |
| Anxiety | 6 (1) | 0 (0) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | |
| Depression and anxiety | 12 (2) | 2 (17) | 5 (42) | 5 (42) | |
| Depression | 86 (14) | 17 (20) | 37 (43) | 32 (37) | |
| Alcohol | 9 (1) | 1 (11) | 4 (44) | 4 (44) | |
| Bipolar | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) | 2 (67) | |
| Psychosis | 8 (1) | 2 (25) | 3 (37) | 3 (38) | |
| Dementia status, (%) | |||||
| Yes | 159 (26) | 45 (28) | 84 (53) | 30 (19) | < 0.001* |
| No | 451 (74) | 24 (5) | 118 (26) | 309 (69) | |
| Functional Assessment Staging Score, (%) | |||||
| 1. No functional impairment | 263 (43) | 3 (1) | 35 (13) | 225 (86) | < 0.001* |
| 2–5. Subjective functional deficit, objective functional deficit, difficulties with activities of daily living | 179 (29) | 13 (7) | 74 (41) | 92 (51) | |
| 6a–c. Help required getting dressed, toileting or personal hygiene | 66 (11) | 24 (36) | 29 (44) | 13 (20) | |
| 6d–e. Double incontinence | 62 (10) | 20 (32) | 36 (58) | 6 (10) | |
| 7a–f. Speaks limited vocabulary, can no longer walk, sit up, hold up head | 40 (7) | 9 (23) | 28 (70) | 3 (7) | |
| Waterlow score, mean (sd)a N = 605 | 13 (6) | 17 (7) | 15 (7) | 11 (5) | < 0.001* |
| Incontinence, (%)a | |||||
| None | 460 (75) | 32 (7) | 120 (26) | 308 (67) | < 0.001* |
| Urine | 58 (10) | 14 (24) | 28 (48) | 16 (28) | |
| ICD on admission | 16 (3) | 4 (25) | 6 (38) | 6 (37) | |
| Double | 75 (12) | 19 (25) | 48 (64) | 8 (11) | |
| Pressure sores, (%) | |||||
| Yes | 58 (10) | 14 (24) | 36 (62) | 8 (14) | < 0.001* |
| No | 551 (90) | 55 (10) | 166 (30) | 330 (60) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score, median (IQR) | 2 (3) | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | 2 (3) | 0.067 |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR)aN = 593 | 11 (4) | 14 (5) | 12 (4) | 11 (4) | < 0.001* |
| Commonest diagnosis on admission, (%) | |||||
| ACS | 56 (9) | 3 (5) | 10 (18) | 43 (77) | < 0.001* |
| COPD | 37 (6) | 2 (5) | 9 (24) | 26 (70) | |
| UTI | 54 (9) | 11 (20) | 24 (44) | 19 (35) | |
| Pneumonia | 91 (15) | 20 (22) | 42 (46) | 29 (32) | |
| Other | 372 (61) | 33 (9) | 117 (31) | 222 (60) | |
| Length of admission, median (IQR)a N = 609 | 8 (13) | 14 (20) | 9 (13) | 7 (10) | < 0.001* |
| Survival time – days, median (IQR)a N = 357 | 157 (457) | 125 (355) | 143 (454) | 194 (495) | 0.022* |
Cohort characteristics stratified by delirium status: full syndromal delirium, subsyndromal delirium and no delirium. Count and percentage was calculated for categorical variables, mean and standard deviation was calculated for continuous variables normally distributed, and median and interquartile range was calculated for continuous variables with skewed distribution. Pearson Chi square, Analysis of Variance and Kruskal Wallis were used where appropriate. Significance level was set at < 0.05
sd standard deviation, n number of participants, IQR interquartile range, *significant, acomplete case analysis, ACS Acute Cardiac Syndrome, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, UTI urinary tract infection, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II