Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of subjects at the Untrained, Trained, and Detrained state
| A | |||
| Cohort used for DNA CpG analyses, n = 12 | |||
| Untrained | Trained | Detrained | |
| Age – years | 22 (18 a 27) | 23 (18 a 27) | 23 (19 a 28) |
| Weight - kg | 79.0 (63.7 a 105.8) | 77.5 (63.7 a 102.2) | 79.1 (62.6 a 105.3) |
| Body mass index - kg/m2 | 22.8 (19.5 a 27.6) | 22.9 (19.6 a 26.7) | 23.1 (19.2 a 27.4) |
| Waist – cm | 87 (79 a 90) | 79* (73 a 87) | 80.8# (72.6 a 92.6) |
| Hip – cm | 93 (88 a 104) | 89* (82 a 99) | 90# (82 a 101) |
| Waist/Hip | 0.92 (0.88 a 0.99) | 0.88 (0.83 a 0.96) | 0.91 (0.86 a 0.97) |
| VO2 | 2780 (3585 a 4469) | 4440* (3319 a 5793) | 3971 (2763 a 4766) |
| VO2/kg | 44.1 (39.7 a 53.9) | 56.2* (48.4 a 65.2) | 51.2 (38.3 a 55.5) |
| Glucose (fasting) – mmol/l | 4.8 (4.3 a 5.4) | 4.8 (4.4 a 5.7) | 4.7 (4.3 a 5.3) |
| Insulin – pmol/l | 55 (31 a 106) | 51 (25 a 117) | 57 (27 a 80) |
| HOMA-IR | 1.85 (1.11 a 4.03) | 1.9 (0.9 a 4.9) | 1.9 (0.9 a 2.9) |
| HbA1c - % | 32 (26 a 38) | 33 (28 a 36) | 31# (23 a 36) |
| Plasma cholesterol (total) – mmol/l | 4.2 (3.4 a 5.6) | 4.0 (3.0 a 4.8) | 4.3 (3.4 a 5.4) |
| Low density lipoprotein – mmol/l | 2.3 (1.9 a 3.3) | 2.4 (1.8 a 3.0) | 2.6 (1.8 a 3.4) |
| High density lipoprotein – mmol/l | 1.4 (1.0 a 1.7) | 1.4 (1.1 a 1.6) | 1.3 (1.0 a 1.8) |
| Triglyceride – mmol/l | 1.0 (0.6 a 1.5) | 0.9 (0.6 a 1.7) | 0.9 (0.5 a 1.8) |
| C-reactive protein – mg/l | 1.0 (1.0 a 3.0) | 1.0 (1.0 a 1.0) | 1.0 (1.0 a 2.5) |
| Leukocytes – × 109/l | 6.0 (3.3 a 7.1) | 5.4 (4.3 a 6.7) | 5.4 (4.1 a 6.5) |
| B | |||
| Cohort used for sRNA analyses, n = 6 | |||
| Untrained, n = 6 | Trained, n = 6 | Detrained, n = 6 | |
| Age – years | 23 (18.1 a 26.9) | 23 (18.1 a 26.9) | 24 (19 a 27) |
| Weight - kg | 79.8 (64.4 a 88.5) | 79.8 (64.3 a 86.2) | 81.2 (63.0 a 89.7) |
| Body mass index - kg/m2 | 22.8 (19.8 a 24.8) | 22.7 (19.8 a 24.1) | 22.9 (19.4 a 24.0) |
| Waist – cm | 88.5 (78.6 a 95.2) | 79.2* (72.4 a 88) | 80.5 (72.4 a 93.9) |
| Hip – cm | 92 (88.2 a 99.8) | 90.2 (85.4 a 97.2) | 91 (83 a 99) |
| Waist/Hip | 0.9 (0.9 a 1) | 0.9 (0.8 a 0.9) | 0.91 (0.83 a 0.95) |
| VO2 | 3736 (2766 a 4460) | 4221 (3459 a 5167) | 3830 (2766 a 4621) |
| VO2/kg | 45 (40.1 a 53.8) | 52.6 (48.1 a 63.5) | 50.7 (37.4 a 55.5) |
| Glucose (fasting) – mmol/l | 4.8 (4.3 a 5.4) | 4.8 (4.6 a 5.8) | 4.7 (4.4 a 5.3) |
| Insulin – pmol/l | 80 (54.4 a 107.5) | 56 (41.4 a 121.4) | 58 (45 a 81) |
| HOMA-IR | 2.9 (1.8 a 4.1) | 2 (1.5 a 5.2) | 2.0 (1.7 a 2.9) |
| HbA1c - % | 33.5 (29.2 a 38.8) | 33.5 (28.1 a 36) | 30# (26 a 37) |
| Plasma cholesterol (total) – mmol/l | 4.6 (3.9 a 5.8) | 4.1 (3.6 a 4.8) | 5.1 (4.3 a 5.8) |
| Low density lipoprotein – mmol/l | 2.6 (2.1 a 3.6) | 2.5 (1.9 a 3.2) | 1.4 (1.0 a 1.9) |
| High density lipoprotein – mmol/l | 1.3 (1 a 1.5) | 1.4 (1 a 1.5) | 2.9 (2.4 a 4.1) |
| Triglyceride – mmol/l | 1.2 (0.9 a 1.6) | 1.1 (0.7 a 1.7) | 1.1 (0.8 a 1.9) |
| C-reactive protein – mg/l | 1 (1 a 2.8) | 1 (1 a 1) | 1.0 (1.0 a 2.9) |
| Leukocytes – × 109/l | 6.1 (3.4 a 8) | 6.1 (4.2 a 7.7) | 5.4 (4.4 a 11.2) |
A Subjects studied for DNA methylation. B Subjects studied for sRNA expression. HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. Results are medians with 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Differences between time points were determined using a paired t test or a Wilcoxon signed rank (Insulin and HOMA-IR in both tables and Triglyceride in Table 1a) and are Holm-Bonferroni corrected. Age and C-reactive protein were not tested. *P < 0.05 Untrained vs. Trained, #P < 0.05 Untrained vs. Detrained