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. 2018 Jan 26;9:403. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02813-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Phase field simulation of a radial quadrant domain structure. a Schematic for the system setting of phase field simulation. b Distributions of vertical shear strains ε_yz and ε_xz at bottom interface. c Three-dimensional view of the stabilised quadrant domain texture. The white arrows indicate the IP polarisation directions. d IP ferroelectric polarisation map on the top surface. The contrast represents the OOP polarisation