Table 2.

Results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis for an association between CKD and the risk of death

	Crude HR		Adjusted HR
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
CKD versus non-CKD	1.46 (1.38 to 1.55)	<0.0001	1.38 (1.29 to 1.47)	0.0074
Age	1.00 (0.94 to 1.07)	0.9045	1.09 (1.05 to 1.14)	0.0010
Surgery	0.24 (0.21 to 0.26)	<0.0001	0.24 (0.21 to 0.27)	<0.0001
Comorbidities
Hypertension	1.09 (1.03 to 1.15)	0.0021	0.99 (0.93 to 1.06)	0.8231
Diabetes mellitus	1.24 (1.16 to 1.32)	<0.0001	1.12 (1.05 to 1.21)	0.0013
COPD	1.13 (1.07 to 1.21)	<0.0001	1.09 (1.02 to 1.16)	0.0098
Congestive heart failure	1.44 (1.31 to 1.57)	<0.0001	1.18 (1.07 to 1.30)	0.0007
Cholelithiasis	1.13 (1.01 to 1.26)	0.0269	1.12 (1.00 to 1.25)	0.0564
Hyperlipidaemia	0.97 (0.88 to 1.07)	0.531	0.83 (0.75 to 0.93)	0.0008

CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.