Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Jan 26;9:404. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02817-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — Behavioral task. a The structure of the probabilistic Pavlovian conditioning task. b Schematic of the experimental setting. c Licking behavior. Lick density functions (σ = 100 ms; mean±SEM across 107 sessions performed by five D1-Cre and four D2-Cre mice) are color-coded according to the odor cues that predict different reward probabilities for all trials (top), rewarded trials (middle), and unrewarded trials (bottom). d Mean (±SEM) lick rates during the delay period of all trials (top) and during the first 1 s after reward onset in rewarded (middle) and unrewarded (bottom) trials. Reward onset was defined as the time of the first lick after reward delivery in rewarded trials and as the time of LED light onset in unrewarded trials. Circles, individual session data. ***p < 0.001 (ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s test for all comparisons)