Figure 5.

5-HT_2A signaling pathways. Activation of the 5-HT_2A receptor induces several pathways via the Gαq and Gβγ subunits. Green arrow indicates activation; small dashed green arrow indicates multiple signaling pathways not shown; large dashed green arrow indicates activation of transcription; red bar indicates inhibition. Light blue ovals signify proteins in the Akt pathway; orange ovals signify proteins in the MAPK/ERK pathway; yellow ovals signify proteins in the ROS pathway; purple ovals signify proteins in the DAG/IP3/Ca⁺²/CamK pathway. Purple squares in the nucleus signify transcription factors, apoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins. 5-HT, serotonin; 5-HT_2A, serotonin 2A receptor; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; Ca⁺², calcium; CamK, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; Raf, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase; p90RSK, 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PI3K, phsophotidylinositol-3 kinase; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; PDK1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; NFκB, nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; CRE, cAMP response element; SRF, serum response factor; SRE, serum response element; Bcl-XL, B-cell lymphoma–extra large; Bax, bcl-2–like protein 4; Bak, bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer.