Figure.

Dimension or axes in classification systems for diabetic retinopathy. Left: Current two-dimensional classification systems such as ETDRS, ICDR, and Eurodiab use two axes, one for diabetic macular edema (DME) severity and one for diabetic retinopathy (DR) proper (from no DR to proliferative DR [PDR]). In such a system, a patient can have extensive DME without any microaneurysms or hemorrhages. Right: Potential three-dimensional classification that includes estimated DRN damage in addition to the familiar two axes. In such a system, a patient can have extensive DME without any microaneurysms or hemorrhages, and early DRN.