. 2018 Jan 22;8:2288. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02288

Table 1.

Studies included in the meta-analysis.

Author (year)	N	r	TS indicator^a	AE indicator^b	AE type	Culture^c	Age^d	Male (%)^e
Afari, 2013	352	0.24	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	1	4	0.34
Ahmed et al., 2010	238	0.28	TS	Interest	PAEs	2	2	0.46
Ahmed et al., 2010	238	0.45	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	2	0.46
Ahmed et al., 2010	238	−0.21	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	2	0.46
Aldridge et al., 2013	352	0.24	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	3	4	0.656
Allen and Fraser, 2007	520	0.21	TS(p)	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	1	0.5
Allen and Fraser, 2007	520	0.01	TS(s)	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	1	0.5
Arbeau et al., 2010	169	−0.26	C	Anxiety	NAEs	2	1	0.499
Arslan, 2009	466	−0.21	TS	Anger	NAEs	3	3	0.457
Birgani et al., 2015	180	0.36	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	3	3	1
Burić, 2015	365	0.27	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	3	3	0.356
Burić, 2015	365	0.22	TS	Hope	PAEs	3	3	0.356
Burić, 2015	365	0.19	TS	Pride	PAEs	3	3	0.356
Burić, 2015	365	0.15	TS	Relief	PAEs	3	3	0.356
Burić, 2015	365	−0.17	TS	Anger	NAEs	3	3	0.356
Burić, 2015	365	−0.06	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	3	3	0.356
Burić, 2015	365	−0.09	TS	Shame	NAEs	3	3	0.356
Burić, 2015	365	−0.06	TS	Hopelessness	NAEs	3	3	0.356
Cheung, 1995	128	−0.28	TS	Depression	NAEs	1	5	0.475
Chirkov and Ryan, 2001	116	−0.14	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	3	0.422
Chirkov and Ryan, 2001	120	0.08	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	0.358
Chirkov and Ryan, 2001	119	0.22	TS	Positively emotions	PAEs	2	2	0.532
Chirkov and Ryan, 2001	118	−0.03	TS	Negatively emotions	NAEs	2	2	0.532
Cox et al., 2009	411	0.45	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	2	0.436
Cox et al., 2009	411	−0.16	TS	Worry	NAEs	2	2	0.436
Demaray et al., 2005	82	−0.04	TS	Emotional symptoms	NAEs	2	2	0.354
Elmelid et al., 2015	643	−0.05	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	5	0.455
Elmelid et al., 2015	643	0.17	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	5	0.455
Elmelid et al., 2015	643	−0.06	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	5	0.455
Elmelid et al., 2015	643	0.2	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	5	0.455
Federici and Skaalvik, 2014	309	−0.14	ES	Anxiety	NAEs	2	2	0.482
Federici and Skaalvik, 2014	309	−0.13	IS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	2	0.482
Frenzel et al., 2009	1,542	0.48	TE	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	2	0.48
Gläser-Zikuda and Fuß, 2008	431	−0.26	TC	Anxiety	NAEs	2	2	0.494
Hagenauer and Hascher, 2010	356	0.51	TC	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	2	0.336
Hill et al., 1996	87	−0.27	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	1	0.471
Huang et al., 2010	158	−0.26	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	1	4	0.684
Jia et al., 2009	706	−0.27	TS	Depression	NAEs	1	2	0.495
Jia et al., 2009	709	−0.25	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	0.482
Karabenick and Sharma, 1994	288	−0.11	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	4	0.36
Karabenick and Sharma, 1994	288	−0.17	TS	Negatively affect	NAEs	2	4	0.36
Karagiannidis et al., 2015	627	0.47	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	2	0.499
Karagiannidis et al., 2015	627	−0.29	TS	Boredom	NAEs	2	2	0.499
King et al., 2012	1,147	0.15	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	1	2	0.542
King et al., 2012	1,147	0.12	TS	Hope	PAEs	1	2	0.542
King et al., 2012	1,147	0.07	TS	Pride	PAEs	1	2	0.542
King et al., 2012	1,147	−0.4	TS	Anger	NAEs	1	2	0.542
King et al., 2012	1,147	−0.18	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	1	2	0.542
King et al., 2012	1,147	−0.23	TS	Shame	NAEs	1	2	0.542
King et al., 2012	1,147	−0.47	TS	Boredom	NAEs	1	2	0.542
King et al., 2012	1,147	−0.33	TS	Hopelessness	PAEs	1	2	0.542
Lapointe et al., 2005	593	−0.11	TH	Anxiety	NAEs	2	2	0.496
LaRusso et al., 2008	476	−0.2	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	3	N
Lazarides and Ittel, 2013	212	0.47	TS	Interest	PAEs	2	2	1
Lazarides and Ittel, 2013	149	0.42	TS	Interest	PAEs	2	2	0
Liu et al., 2016	873	0.45	TS	Affect in school	PAEs	1	1	N
Liu et al., 2016	675	0.35	TS	Affect in school	PAEs	1	2	N
Liu et al., 2016	610	0.33	TS	Affect in school	PAEs	1	3	N
Ludwig and Warren, 2009	175	0.43	TS	Hope	PAEs	2	3	0.486
MacPhail, 2012	125	0.25	TS	Positively affect	PAEs	2	1	0.472
MacPhail, 2012	125	−0.18	TS	Negatively affect	NAEs	2	1	0.472
Martínez et al., 2011	140	−0.27	TS	Depression	NAEs	3	2	0.429
Martínez et al., 2011	140	−0.44	TS	Depression	NAEs	3	1	0.429
McMahon et al., 2013	188	0.02	TS	Fear	NAEs	2	5	0.37
McMahon et al., 2013	188	0.09	TS	Worry	NAEs	2	5	0.37
McMahon et al., 2013	188	−0.02	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	5	0.37
McMahon et al., 2013	188	−0.18	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	5	0.37
Murberg and Bru, 2009	198	−0.19	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	3	0.439
Myint and Fisher, 2001	1,188	0.31	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	1	2	0.457
Neville, 2008	159	0.27	TS	Positively affect	PAEs	2	2	0.47
Neville, 2008	159	−0.13	TS	Negatively affect	NAEs	2	2	0.47
Nilsen et al., 2013	319	−0.09	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	5	0.404
Nilsen et al., 2013	319	−0.2	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	5	0.404
Ommundsen and Kvalø, 2007	194	0.63	TS	Enjoyment/Interest	PAEs	2	3	0.515
Ommundsen et al., 2006	760	0.11	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	5	0.499
Pan, 2014	462	0.59	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	1	3	0.561
Piechurska-Kuciel, 2011	354	−0.78	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	2	0.362
Reddy et al., 2003	1,285	−0.28	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	1
Reddy et al., 2003	1,300	−0.25	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	0
Rey et al., 2007	89	−0.07	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	1	0.472
Rueger et al., 2008	108	−0.25	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	2	1
Rueger et al., 2008	108	−0.29	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	1
Rueger et al., 2008	138	−0.06	TS	Anxious	NAEs	2	2	0
Rueger et al., 2008	138	−0.23	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	0
Ryan et al., 2005	474	0.4	TS	Positively affect	PAEs	2	1	0.5
Ryan et al., 2005	474	−0.15	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	1	0.5
Sahaghi et al., 2015	180	0.37	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	3	3	1
Sakiz, 2012	227	0.64	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	3	4	0.374
Sakiz, 2012	227	−0.55	TS	Hopelessness	NAEs	3	4	0.374
Sakiz, 2012	138	0.6	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	3	1	0.514
Sakiz, 2012	138	−0.21	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	3	1	0.514
Sakiz et al., 2012	317	0.62	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	2	0.4
Sakiz et al., 2012	317	−0.41	TS	Hopelessness	NAEs	2	2	0.4
Sakiz et al., 2007	99	0.67	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	2	0.343
Sakiz et al., 2007	99	−0.36	TS	Hopelessness	NAEs	2	2	0.343
Skinner et al., 2008	805	−0.1	TS(t)	Bored	NAEs	2	5	0.488
Skinner et al., 2008	805	−0.12	TS(t)	Anxiety	NAEs	2	5	0.488
Skinner et al., 2008	805	−0.1	TS(t)	Frustrated	NAEs	2	5	0.488
Skinner et al., 2008	805	−0.56	TS(s)	Bored	NAEs	2	5	0.488
Skinner et al., 2008	805	−0.36	TS(s)	Anxiety	NAEs	2	5	0.488
Skinner et al., 2008	805	−0.38	TS(s)	Frustrated	NAEs	2	5	0.488
Sun and Hui, 2007	680	−0.28	TS	Depression	NAEs	1	2	1
Sun and Hui, 2007	678	−0.27	TS	Depression	NAEs	1	2	0
Sun et al., 2006	433	−0.26	TS	Depression	NAEs	1	5	0.552
Sylva et al., 2012	1,766	0.53	TS	Enjoyment	PAEs	2	5	0.481
Sylva et al., 2012	1,766	−0.13	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	5	0.481
Tanigawa et al., 2011	239	−0.37	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	1
Tanigawa et al., 2011	305	−0.36	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	0
Taylor and Fraser, 2003	745	−0.04	TS	Anxiety	NAEs	2	3	N
Telan, 2000	694	−0.07	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	1	0.487
Tian et al., 2013	361	0.42	TS	Positively emotions	PAEs	1	5	0.468
Tian et al., 2013	361	−0.31	TS	Negatively emotions	NAEs	1	5	0.468
Van Ryzin, 2011	423	0.25	TS	Hope	PAEs	2	2	0.533
Van Ryzin et al., 2009	231	0.22	TS	Hope	PAEs	2	2	0.524
Wang, 2009	1,042	−0.09	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	0.48
Wang and Eccles, 2013	1,157	0.24	TS	Positively emotions	PAEs	2	2	0.48
Way et al., 2007	1,451	−0.26	TS	Depression	NAEs	2	2	0.458
Weber et al., 2001	46	0.14	TS	Affect	PAEs	2	2	0.522
Weber et al., 2001	46	0.12	TS	Affect	PAEs	2	2	0.522
Wentzel, 1998	167	0.39	TS	Interest	PAEs	2	2	0.509
Yang et al., 2015	472	0.53	TS	Positively motions	PAEs	1	1	0.663

TS, teacher support; TC, teacher's care; TE, teacher enthusiasm; ET, emotions support; IS, instrumental support; C, closeness; TH, teacher help; (p), parents report; (t), teacher report; (s), students self-report, Others were students self-report.

AE, Academic emotions.

1, East Asia; 2, Western European/American; 3, other.

1, Elementary; 2, Middle School; 3, High School; 4, University; 5, Mixed.

N, Not report.