Table 3.
Right hemisphere clusters of significant cortical thickness differences between obstructive sleep apnea and controls [false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.05, corresponding to t = 2.15].
| Max t-statistic | Size (mm2) | X | Y | Z | N vertices | Region by cortical label (applies to cortex, gyrus, or lobe) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thinning | ||||||
| −10.3868 | 2,998.2 | 29.6 | −81.6 | 5.9 | 4,854 | Lateral occipital/superior parietal, inferior parietal |
| −7.9676 | 99.75 | 7.2 | 15 | −16.4 | 226 | Medial orbitofrontal (ventral prefrontal) |
| −6.8607 | 1,893.82 | 21.8 | 26.1 | 44.2 | 3,867 | Superior frontal/middle frontal, precental |
| −5.81 | 1,703.74 | 33.3 | −32.9 | 40 | 4,520 | Supramarginal/inferior parietal |
| −5.6423 | 290.34 | 38.8 | 15.6 | 39.3 | 524 | Caudal middle frontal |
| −4.1615 | 216.76 | 37.7 | −63.3 | 19.3 | 409 | Inferior parietal |
| −3.5852 | 73.03 | 17.4 | −39.6 | 50 | 219 | Paracentral |
| −3.2946 | 48.85 | 10.6 | −24.7 | 48.9 | 114 | Paracentral |
| −3.1729 | 59.15 | 6.3 | −48.2 | 50.6 | 165 | Precuneus |
| −3.0119 | 25.33 | 18.7 | −31.2 | 55.4 | 85 | Precentral |
| −2.7184 | 44.67 | 38 | 33.8 | 18.6 | 78 | Rostral middle frontal (prefrontal) |
| −2.6278 | 25.11 | 35.4 | −12.7 | 43.2 | 57 | Precentral |
| −2.4642 | 22.3 | 42.4 | 11.1 | 20.9 | 42 | Pars opercularis |
| −2.4079 | 27.81 | 12.3 | 57.2 | −17.6 | 40 | Frontal pole |
| −2.3123 | 20.7 | 13.4 | −42.2 | 0.4 | 68 | Isthmus cingulate |
| −2.2818 | 11.66 | 44.7 | −56 | 27.8 | 30 | Inferior parietal |
| −2.2442 | 11.22 | 44.2 | −56.8 | 9.4 | 28 | Inferior parietal |
| −2.2177 | 13.07 | 24.4 | −98.4 | −12 | 17 | Lateral occipital |
| −2.1965 | 6.44 | 20.4 | 54.1 | 22 | 9 | Rostral middle frontal (prefrontal) |
| −2.1875 | 7.09 | 10.8 | 59.7 | 23.7 | 10 | Superior frontal |
| −2.1747 | 0.19 | 14.2 | −41.1 | −1.1 | 1 | Isthmus cingulate |
| −2.1742 | 1.95 | 44.5 | −8.3 | 33.1 | 5 | Precentral |
| −2.1735 | 2.85 | 49.5 | −5.1 | 26.7 | 7 | Precentral |
| Thickening | ||||||
| 6.9845 | 1,036.92 | 8.5 | −24.3 | 73.6 | 2,475 | Precentral/superior medial frontal |
| 6.414 | 1,012.9 | 28.9 | 6.2 | −39 | 2,003 | Temporal pole/parahippocampal |
| 6.0379 | 482.41 | 7.1 | 35.7 | −14 | 920 | Medial orbitofrontal (ventral prefrontal)/subgenu anterior cingulate |
| 4.9763 | 145.09 | 13.7 | −42.9 | 74.6 | 365 | Superior medial parietal |
| 4.2332 | 214.11 | 36.6 | −6.9 | −8.9 | 481 | Insula |
| 4.1884 | 234.16 | 14.6 | −25.7 | 36.6 | 674 | Posterior cingulate |
| 4.1183 | 139.25 | 11.2 | −53.4 | 28.3 | 374 | Precuneus |
| 3.4239 | 360.03 | 14.5 | −82.8 | 2.1 | 551 | Pericalcarine |
| 3.2219 | 143.39 | 29.7 | 24.5 | −10 | 363 | Lateral orbitofrontal (ventral prefrontal) |
| 2.7777 | 68.85 | 21.4 | 32.3 | −12.5 | 119 | Lateral orbitofrontal (ventral prefrontal) |
| 2.526 | 85.04 | 6.3 | 28.9 | 19.4 | 177 | Caudal anterior cingulate |
| 2.3735 | 23.97 | 54.6 | −51.8 | 36.7 | 56 | Inferior parietal |
| 2.2461 | 9.22 | 10.3 | 10.8 | 35.6 | 23 | Subgenu anterior cingulate |
| 2.201 | 4.13 | 41.8 | −34 | 11.5 | 10 | Superior temporal |
| 2.1812 | 1.38 | 8.8 | −45.8 | 22.3 | 6 | Isthmus cingulate |
| 2.173 | 1.96 | 45 | −38.6 | 5.8 | 7 | Posterior superior temporal |
| 2.1633 | 1.48 | 46.2 | −22 | −7.2 | 4 | Superior temporal |
Negative t-values represent thinning and positive values thickening. X/Y/Z are Talairach coordinates in millimeters. The region is based on the FreeSurfer atlas annotation, with additional labels for larger clusters that cover more than one structure. Standard terms are indicated in brackets beside some FreeSurfer labels [e.g., “orbitofrontal (ventral prefrontal)”]. The number of vertices (“N vertices”) is an indication of the size of the cluster; each vertex is a point on the FreeSurfer representation of the cortical surface, with approximately 300,000 vertices across the whole brain. Regions are illustrated in Figure 1.